Table 3.
Smallholder farmer large ruminants, household income and financial impact of clinically diagnosed BL ‐ household level
| Variable | Mean (±SD) | 95% Confidence interval | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower CI | Upper CI | ||
| Large ruminants prior to BL outbreaks (head/hh) | |||
| No. Total cattle and buffalo | 13 ± 5 | 11 | 16 |
| No. Total female | 9 ± 4 | 7 | 10 |
| No. Cattle and buffalo infected | 5 ± 4 | 3 | 6 |
| No. Female infected | 3 ± 3 | 2 | 5 |
| No. Cattle and buffalo died from the infection | 3 ± 2 | 1 | 4 |
| No. female died from the infection | 2 ± 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Household annual cash income (USD/hh) | |||
| Cropping | 905 ± 624 | 631 | 1179 |
| Small animal sale | 116 ± 177 | 38 | 194 |
| Large ruminant sale | 952 ± 789 | 606 | 1298 |
| Others | 971 ± 1451 | 335 | 1607 |
| Total income | 2944 ± 1310 | 2370 | 3518 |
| Financial losses due to BL infection | |||
| Treatment cost per animals (USD/animal) | 6 ± 4 | 4 | 8 |
| Value of the death animal prior to the BL infection(USD/animal) | 324 ± 132 | 265 | 382 |
| Production loss due to morbidities (USD/hh) | 36 ± 45 | 16 | 55 |
| Treatment cost per household (USD/hh) | 29 ± 36 | 13 | 45 |
| Production loss due to mortalities (USD/hh) | 757 ± 657 | 469 | 1045 |
| Total losses | 822 ± 692 | 518 | 1125 |
| Comparison of total losses and | |||
| Income from large ruminant sale (%) | 122 ± 120 | 69 | 175 |
| Total annual household income (%) | 37 ± 41 | 19 | 54 |
hh, household.