Table 3.
Differences in perception of risk of contracting an environmental pollution-related disease and risk of disease: Prevalence ratio adjusted for all other variables (CI 95%)
| Allergies | Acute respiratory diseases | Chronic respiratory diseases | Temporary organ damage | Liver damage | Cancer | Leukaemia | Congenital defects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| How probable do you think it is that the following diseases are due to environmental pollution? | ||||||||
| Exposure (vs. Unexposed) | ||||||||
| Exposed | 1.02 (0.79–1.31) | 1.09 (0.85–1.40) | 1.09 (0.84–1.42) | 1.15 (0.79–1.69) | 1.19 (0.82–1.73) | 1.12 (0.87–1.44) | 1.36 (1.01–1.83) | 1.29 (0.94–1.78) |
| Sex (vs. Males) | ||||||||
| Females | 1.20 (0.92–1.55) | 1.03 (0.81–1.32) | 1.06 (0.82–1.38) | 1.02 (0.69–1.49) | 1.15 (0.79–1.67) | 1.16 (0.90–1.49) | 1.18 (0.88–1.59) | 1.18 (0.86–1.63) |
| Marital Status (vs. Married/cohabiting) | ||||||||
| Single/Widow/er | 1.12 (0.75–1.65) | 1.17 (0.80–1.70) | 1.14 (0.76–1.72) | 1.13 (0.62–2.07) | 1.30 (0.75–2.25) | 1.02 (0.69–1.51) | 1.13 (0.73–1.76) | 1.14 (0.71–1.84) |
| Separated/divorced | 1.00 (0.61–1.66) | 1.10 (0.68–1.78) | 1.02 (0.61–1.72) | 1.02 (0.47–2.23) | 0.55 (0.20–1.51) | 0.81 (0.46–1.44) | 0.94 (0.53–1.67) | 0.87 (0.45–1.67) |
| Self-perceived health (vs. Good) | ||||||||
| Poor | 1.08 (0.83–1.42) | 0.97 (0.75–1.27) | 0.91 (0.68–1.22) | 0.87 (0.57–1.33) | 0.88 (0.59–1.33) | 0.99 (0.75–1.30) | 1.07 (0.78–1.46) | 1.08 (0.77–1.52) |
| Place of birth (vs. North) | ||||||||
| Centre-South and Islands | 0.97 (0.72–1.31) | 1.06 (0.80–1.42) | 1.08 (0.79–1.46) | 1.37 (0.89–2.11) | 1.27 (0.83–1.93) | 0.99 (0.74–1.33) | 1.05 (0.75–1.46) | 1.02 (0.70–1.48) |
| Foreign | 0.87 (0.48–1.58) | 1.04 (0.61–1.79) | 0.99 (0.54–1.14) | 1.16 (0.50–2.73) | 0.94 (0.37–2.38) | 0.76 (0.39–1.51) | 0.70 (0.31–1.61) | 0.84 (0.37–1.95) |
| With children (vs. No) | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.23 (0.86–1.76) | 1.04 (0.74–1.46) | 1.27 (0.87–1.84) | 1.16 (0.67–2.03) | 1.07 (0.63–1.82) | 1.16 (0.80–1.66) | 1.28 (0.84–1.97) | 1.19 (0.75–1.88) |
| Age class (vs. > 55 yrs) | ||||||||
| (30.45] | 0.91 (0.65–1.28) | 1.00 (0.73–1.38) | 1.06 (0.76–1.49) | 0.85 (0.52–1.40) | 0.77 (0.48–1.25) | 1.12 (0.81–1.55) | 0.93 (0.64–1.37) | 1.04 (0.69–1.56) |
| (45.55] | 1.08 (0.79–1.46) | 1.09 (0.81–1.46) | 1.04 (0.76–1.42) | 0.81 (0.51–1.27) | 0.81 (0.52–1.27) | 1.14 (0.84–1.54) | 0.93 (0.66–1.32) | 0.81 (0.55–1.19) |
| Level of Education (vs. Primary/lower secondary) | ||||||||
| Upper secondary | 1.21 (0.90–1.62) | 1.16 (0.88–1.53) | 1.35 (1.00–1.82) | 1.22 (0.73–2.04) | 1.40 (0.91–2.14) | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) | 1.17 (0.84–1.63) | 1.15 (0.81–1.64) |
| Post secondary | 1.29 (0.88–1.90) | 1.11 (0.77–1.62) | 1.30 (0.88–1.93) | 1.31 (0.74–2.33) | 1.22 (0.68–2.19) | 0.99 (0.67–1.45) | 1.09 (0.69–1.73) | 1.00 (0.61–1.65) |
| How probable do you think it is to be at risk for the following environmental pollution-related diseases? | ||||||||
| Exposure (vs. Unexposed) | ||||||||
| Exposed | 1.61 (1.11–2.33) | 1.63 (1.10–2.41) | 1.56 (1.04–2.35) | 3.66 (1.86–7.19) | 2.95 (1.64–5.32) | 3.32 (2.11–5.22) | 4.55 (2.54–8.14) | 6.31 (2.81–14.16) |
| Sex (vs. Males) | ||||||||
| Females | 1.52 (1.06–2.20) | 1.39 (0.94–2.04) | 1.43 (0.96–2.15) | 1.49 (0.84–2.64) | 1.33 (0.79–2.25) | 1.14 (0.78–1.67) | 1.28 (0.80–2.03) | 1.19 (0.67–2.10) |
| Marital Status (vs. Married/cohabiting) | ||||||||
| Single/Widow/er | 0.98 (0.56–1.71) | 0.81 (0.43–1.52) | 0.68 (0.34–1.38) | 1.03 (0.41–2.59) | 1.25 (0.52–2.99) | 0.97 (0.50–1.87) | 0.78 (0.34–1.81) | 1.55 (0.65–3.71) |
| Separated/divorced | 0.55 (0.24–1.26) | 0.68 (0.29–1.57) | 0.79 (0.34–1.83) | 1.34 (0.51–3.49) | 1.08 (0.42–2.80) | 0.94 (0.45–1.97) | 0.90 (0.38–2.12) | 0.91 (0.32–2.63) |
| Self-perceived health (vs. Good) | ||||||||
| Poor | 1.66 (1.15–2.39) | 1.35 (0.91–2.00) | 1.54 (1.02–2.32) | 0.81 (0.43–1.53) | 1.06 (0.61–1.84) | 1.17 (0.78–1.74) | 1.04 (0.64–1.68) | 1.34 (0.76–2.36) |
| Place of birth (vs. North) | ||||||||
| Centre-South and Islands | 1.63 (1.09–2.44) | 1.33 (0.87–2.03) | 1.22 (0.78–1.91) | 1.81 (0.98–3.34) | 1.47 (0.85–2.57) | 1.16 (0.76–1.75) | 1.36 (0.84–2.21) | 1.41 (0.78–2.56) |
| Foreign | 1.03 (0.41–2.58) | 0.21 (0.03–1.53) | 0.22 (0.03–1.57) | 0.67 (0.09–5.04) | 0.50 (0.07–3.72) | 0.72 (0.22–2.32) | 0.74 (0.17–3.10) | 0.55 (0.07–4.10) |
| With children (vs. No) | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.27 (0.75–2.16) | 1.20 (0.68–2.09) | 1.23 (0.68–2.22) | 1.29 (0.54–3.07) | 1.90 (0.75–4.81) | 1.35 (0.74–2.48) | 1.16 (0.56–2.40) | 1.28 (0.53–3.10) |
| Age class (vs. > 55 yrs) | ||||||||
| (30.45] | 2.06 (1.26–3.36) | 1.41 (0.87–2.29) | 1.40 (0.84–2.33) | 1.11 (0.54–2.26) | 1.30 (0.67–2.52) | 1.02 (0.62–1.68) | 0.94 (0.51–1.71) | 0.94 (0.44–2.00) |
| (45.55] | 1.89 (1.21–2.94) | 1.10 (0.69–1.75) | 1.09 (0.67–1.77) | 0.77 (0.39–1.53) | 0.90 (0.49–1.66) | 0.96 (0.62–1.49) | 0.89 (0.53–1.49) | 0.88 (0.46–1.70) |
| Level of Education (vs. Primary/lower secondary) | ||||||||
| Upper secondary | 1.31 (0.88–1.94) | 1.21 (0.80–1.84) | 1.05 (0.68–1.63) | 1.32 (0.71–2.43) | 0.69 (0.40–1.21) | 0.86 (0.57–1.30) | 0.83 (0.51–1.37) | 0.74 (0.40–1.37) |
| Post secondary | 0.87 (0.47–1.60) | 0.90 (0.48–1.71) | 0.93 (0.49–1.76) | 1.30 (0.52–3.25) | 0.47 (0.17–1.25) | 0.78 (0.41–1.48) | 0.67 (0.30–1.50) | 0.82 (0.32–2.07) |