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. 2019 Apr 26;10:289. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00289

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Copyright © 2019 Seigner, Junker-Samek, Plaza, D‘Urso, Masullo, Piacente, Holper-Schichl and de Martin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comfrey-OP dampens the expression of various NF-κB-dependent genes. Real-time PCR of IL-1β induced (5 ng/ml; time points of stimulation as indicated) HUVEC that were either left untreated (CTRL, squares) or pretreated (30 min) with comfrey-OP (20 μg/ml; boxes). Relative mRNA levels of ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), A20 (TNFIP3; tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3), VCAM1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), MMP10 (matrix metalloproteinase 10), and IκBα (NFKBIA; inhibitor of NF-κB, alpha) were normalized to GAPDH. Expression levels are depicted as mean fold change compared to non-stimulated cells. Error bars represent mean ± SD (n = 3).