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. 2019 Apr 26;10:892. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00892

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Copyright © 2019 Armalytė, Skerniškytė, Bakienė, Krasauskas, Šiugždinienė, Kareivienė, Kerzienė, Klimienė, Sužiedėlienė and Ružauskas.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The resistance genes in the total DNA and in bacterial isolates obtained from organic and conventional farming soils. The names of genes tested are listed on the right in groups regarding their mediated resistance to specific antibiotic class. Total DNA from soils of organic (Org) and conventional (Conv) farming sites and cultivable bacterial isolates (shown in a single column) were screened. Orange panel denotes gene present; blue panel – gene not detected. Resistance genes identified in soil bacteria were found as follows: blaL1–in a single S. maltophilia isolate from the soil of conventional rapeseed farming; blaL2–in four S. maltophilia isolates from the same field; ant(2″)Ia – in four Pseudomonas spp. (one organic wheat and organic rapeseed soil and two from conventional maize soil) and one Sphingobacter sp. isolate (conventional rapeseed soil); aac(3)Iab – in five Pseudomonas spp. from organic maize field.