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. 2019 Apr 26;10:494. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00494

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Copyright © 2019 Wang, Zhao, Li, Li, Wang, Liu, Liang, Shao, Zhang, Zhao, Peng and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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TSF reinforced autophagy dose dependently in PA-stimulated hepatic cells. (A,B) The dose dependence of TSF-induced upregulation of the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio, SIRT1 expression, LC3B-II expression and the ratio of LC3B-II to LC3B-I as well as downregulation of p62 in PA-stimulated HepG2 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes determined by western blot assay and semi-quantitative analysis; data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments performed in triplicate.^cP < 0.05, ^dP < 0.01 vs. PA group.