Table 2.

Characteristics of the studies that reported data on refractive errors based on Myopia and Hyperopia in adults aged ≥30 years

First author and year of publication	Location	Study period	Study Design	Age group	screening tools used	Screening done by	Definitions used	Subject locations (%)		Total no of persons			No of persons with RE			*With myopia			*With hyperopia
								Rural	Urban	M	F	T	M	F	T	M	F	T	M	F	T
Dandona R, 2002*	Andhra pradesh	1996-2000	Cross sectional	≥30	Tumbling E, streak retinoscopy	Optometrist and ophthalmologist	Myopia - SE worse than−0.50D and hyperopia as SE worse than +0.50D	77	23	NR		5434	NR		2309	NR		1556	NR		753
Raju P, 2008	Tamil nadu	June 2001 to May 2004	Cross sectional	≥40	ETDRS, streak retinoscopy and pinhole	Optometrist and ophthalmologist	Emmetropia between SE−0.50 D and+0.50 D; Myopia−SE < −0.50 D and SE < −5.00 D as high Myopia; Hyperopia−SE+0.50 D	44	56	2546	3105	5651	1517	1942	3459	655	692	1347	862	1250	2112
Nangia V, 2010	Maharastra	2006- 2009	Cross sectional	≥30	Modified ETDRS chart, automated refractometry, kerotometry, slit lamp	Optometrist and ophthalmologist	Myopia and hyperopia as ametroprias of more than 0.50D; high myopia more than−8D	100	0	2147	2472	4619	NR		1616	NR		785	NR		831
Joesph s, 2018	Tamil nadu	2005-2007	Cross sectional	≥40	ETDRS, Streak retinoscope, Jackson’s cross Cylinder, slit lamp biomicroscopy	Optometrist and ophthalmologist	Myopia as SE < −0.75 dioptres (D); low myopia (≤−0.75 to >−3 D); moderate myopia (≤−3 to >−6 D) and high myopia (≤-6 D). Hyperopia SE ≥ +1 D	NR				3267			2370	NR		1490	NR		880

* - only data ≥30 years included for comparison with other studies; NR - Not reported