Table 1. Characteristics of Chinese older adults treated in primary care and quality of life (QOL) scores by variable.

Characteristics		Number of older adults	%	QOL score (mean ± standard deviation)	t∕F	P
Gender	Male	347	46.1	20.7 ± 2.5	0.178	0.859
	Female	405	53.9	20.6 ± 2.5
Age (years)	65–74	484	64.4	20.7 ± 2.5	1.263	0.207
	75 +	268	35.6	20.5 ± 2.6
Education	Illiterate	177	23.5	20.1 ± 2.5	10.974	<0.001
	Primary school	213	28.3	20.3 ± 2.4
	Junior middle school	212	28.2	20.9 ± 2.4
	Senior middle school and above	150	19.9	21.5 ± 2.6
Marital status	Married	534	71.0	20.9 ± 2.4	3.414	0.001
	Othersa	218	29.0	20.2 ± 2.7
Main occupation before older adulthood	Mental labor	216	28.7	21.4 ± 2.5	5.461	<0.001
	Manual labor	536	71.3	20.3 ± 2.5
Residence place	Urban	403	53.6	20.7 ± 2.6	0.905	0.366
	Rural	349	46.4	20.6 ± 2.4
Living arrangement	With family members	637	84.7	20.8 ± 2.5	15.229	<0.001
	Alone	81	10.8	20.1 ± 2.6
	With others	34	4.5	19.2 ± 2.1
Number of living adult children	0	19	2.5	17.7 ± 2.2	5.854	<0.001
	≥1	733	97.5	20.7 ± 2.5
Currently smoking	No	631	83.9	20.6 ± 2.5	0.283	0.777
	Yes	121	16.1	20.7 ± 2.5
Physically active	No	326	43.4	20.1 ± 2.6	5.447	<0.001
	Yes	426	56.6	21.1 ± 2.4
Number of major medical conditions	≤3	680	90.4	20.9 ± 2.5	9.695	<0.001
	≥4	72	9.6	18.7 ± 1.7
Hearing problem	No	722	96.0	20.7 ± 2.5	3.335	0.001
	Yes	30	4.0	19.2 ± 2.5
Vision problem	No	676	89.9	20.9 ± 2.5	1.050	0.294
	Yes	76	10.1	20.6 ± 2.5
Depressive symptoms	No	522	69.4	21.2 ± 2.3	8.898	<0.001
	Yes	230	30.6	19.4 ± 2.6
Loneliness	No	555	73.8	21.2 ± 2.2	9.524	<0.001
	Yes	197	26.2	19.1 ± 2.8

Notes.

^a“Others” included never-married, separated, divorced, widowed, cohabitating, and remarried.