Table 2. Results of Student’s t-test and the Monte Carlo permutation test of differences in the UniFrac distances for pairwise comparisons among groups.

	Group 1	Group 2	t statistic	p-valuea
Wild	All within Group	All between Group	−17.881	0.000***
	WFVs vs. WFVs	WFVs vs. WFRf	−16.090	0.000***
	WFVs vs. WFVs	WFVs vs. WFHa	−22.230	0.000***
	WFRf vs. WFRf	WFVs vs. WFRf	−8.363	0.000***
	WFRf vs. WFRf	WFRf vs. WFHa	−7.793	0.000***
	WFHa vs. WFHa	WFVs vs. WFHa	−12.663	0.000***
	WFHa vs. WFHa	WFRf vs. WFHa	−8.920	0.000***
Captive	All within Group	All between Group	−19.425	0.000***
	FVs vs. FVs	FVs vs. FRf	−2.499	0.381
	FVs vs. FVs	FVs vs. FHa	−15.337	0.000***
	FRf vs. FRf	FVs vs. FRf	−3.014	0.085
	FRf vs. FRf	FHa vs. FRf	−15.644	0.000***
	FHa vs. FHa	FVs vs. FHa	−48.674	0.000***
	FHa vs. FHa	FHa vs. FRf	−58.733	0.000***

Notes.

^ap-value was corrected by Bonferroni method.

^***p-value ≤ 0.001.