TABLE 2.
Anthropometric and body composition measurements of children in the International Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements (iLiNS)-DYAD Ghana trial at 4–6 y1
| Variable | Non-LNS (n = 623) | LNS (n = 338) | P-value | Difference in mean (95% CI) | Ratio of the geometric mean (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Height, cm | 106.3 ± 0.2 | 106.7 ± 0.2 | 0.226 | 0.36 (−0.23, 0.95) | — |
| Height-for-age z score | −0.57 ± 0.04 | −0.49 ± 0.05 | 0.226 | 0.08 (−0.05, 0.21) | — |
| Weight, kg | 16.5 ± 0.1 | 16.7 ± 0.1 | 0.214 | 0.17 (−0.10, 0.43) | — |
| Weight-for-age z score | −0.74 ± 0.03 | −0.67 ± 0.05 | 0.252 | 0.07 (−0.05, 0.18) | — |
| BMI-for-age z score | −0.58 ± 0.03 | −0.55 ± 0.05 | 0.606 | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.14) | — |
| MUAC, cm | 15.4 ± 0.1 | 15.5 ± 0.1 | 0.382 | 0.07 (−0.09, 0.23) | — |
| TSF2, mm | 7.0 (6.9, 7.1) | 7.1 (6.9, 7.2) | 0.392 | — | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) |
| AFA 2, cm2 | 5.4 (5.3, 5.5) | 5.5 (5.3, 5.6) | 0.399 | — | 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) |
| AMA 2, cm2 | 13.7 (13.6, 13.9) | 13.7 (13.6, 14.0) | 0.891 | — | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) |
| FM 3, kg | 2.6 ± 0.0 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 0.491 | 0.05 (−0.08, 0.17) | — |
| % FM 3, 4 | 15.3 (15.0, 15.7) | 15.5 (14.9, 16.0) | 0.630 | 0.16 (−0.49, 0.81) | — |
| FFM 3, kg | 14.0 ± 0.1 | 14.1 ± 0.1 | 0.389 | 0.10 (−0.13, 0.34) | — |
| % FFM 3 | 84.9 (84.4, 85.3) | 84.6 (84.0, 85.2) | 0.429 | −0.29 (−1.02, 0.43) | — |
1Values represent mean ± SE and the difference in mean (95% CI) unless otherwise stated. Results are based on ANCOVA (SAS PROC GLIMMIX). AFA, arm fat area; AMA, arm muscle area; FFM, fat-free mass; FM, fat mass; LNS, lipid-based nutrient supplements group; MUAC, midupper arm circumference; non-LNS, iron folic acid group + multiple micronutrients group; TSF, triceps skinfold.
2Values are geometric means (95% CI) and ratio of the geometric mean (95% CI). n = 622 compared with 337 (non-LNS compared with LNS).
3Values are based on less than the full sample for FM and %FM (599 compared with 326, non-LNS compared with LNS) and for FFM and %FFM (604 compared with 327, non-LNS compared with LNS) because some participants did not take part in the body composition procedure, there was insufficient sample for analysis, or there were data collection or lab issues.
4An outlier in the %FM variable was truncated using the value representing the 95th percentile of the distribution to make the distribution more normal.