TABLE 1.
Measurement items and reliabilities.
| Variables | Items | Factor loading | Alpha | AVE | CR |
| Narcissism | I tend to want others to admire me. | 0.710 | 0.795 | 0.625 | 0.869 |
| I tend to seek prestige or status. | 0.731 | ||||
| I tend to expect special favors from others. | 0.855 | ||||
| I tend to want others to pay attention to me. | 0.854 | ||||
| Psychopathy | I tend to lack remorse. | 0.803 | 0.773 | 0.604 | 0.856 |
| I tend to be unconcerned with the morality of my actions. | 0.846 | ||||
| I tend to be callous or insensitive. | 0.855 | ||||
| I tend to be cynical. | 0.569 | ||||
| Machiavellianism | I tend to manipulate others to get my way. | 0.676 | 0.798 | 0.627 | 0.870 |
| I have used deceit or lied to get my way. | 0.828 | ||||
| I have used flattery to get my way. | 0.834 | ||||
| I tend to exploit others toward my own end. | 0.818 | ||||
| Psychological resilience | I am able to adapt to change. | 0.739 | 0.952 | 0.526 | 0.962 |
| I have close and secure relationships. | 0.688 | ||||
| I can deal with whatever comes my way. | 0.652 | ||||
| Past success gives me confidence for new challenges. | 0.716 | ||||
| I see the humorous side of things. | 0.731 | ||||
| Coping with stress strengthens me. | 0.823 | ||||
| I tend to bounce back after a hardship or illness. | 0.762 | ||||
| I give my best effort, no matter what. | 0.736 | ||||
| I can achieve my goals. | 0.798 | ||||
| When things look hopeless, I don’t give up. | 0.674 | ||||
| I know where to turn to for help. | 0.752 | ||||
| Under pressure, I focus and think clearly. | 0.817 | ||||
| I prefer to take the lead in problem solving. | 0.760 | ||||
| I am not easily discouraged by failure. | 0.824 | ||||
| I think of myself as a strong person | 0.779 | ||||
| I can make unpopular or difficult decisions. | 0.593 | ||||
| I can handle unpleasant feelings. | 0.708 | ||||
| I have to act on a hunch. | 0.547 | ||||
| I have a strong sense of purpose. | 0.671 | ||||
| I feel in control of my life. | 0.703 | ||||
| I like challenges. | 0.746 | ||||
| I work to attain my goals. | 0.792 | ||||
| I take pride in my achievements. | 0.576 | ||||
| Sustainable entrepreneurial orientation | Firms should take an internationally leading role in the field of environmental protection. | 0.817 | 0.870 | 0.661 | 0.907 |
| The environmental performance of a company will in future be considered more and more by financial institutions. | 0.829 | ||||
| I think that environmental problems are one of the biggest challenges for our society. | 0.799 | ||||
| I think that entrepreneurs and companies need to take on a larger social responsibility. | 0.854 | ||||
| Firms that are environmentally oriented have advantages in recruiting and retaining qualified employees. | 0.763 |
This study measures all items with a seven-point Likert scale.