Figure 3.

Inferred population tree topology and divergence times for the global expansion of brown rats. (A) The best-supported demographic model contained nine evolutionary clusters inclusive of two unsampled populations. The divergence times in generations and N_e are listed in Table 1. (B) Map of global sampling locations for the WGS demographic model in which evolutionary clusters were represented by different colors: Eastern China, dark brown; SE Asia, light brown; Aleutian, orange; Western North America, yellow; Middle East, gray-blue; Northern Europe, purple; Western Europe, light blue; and Expansion, medium blue.