Table 2.
Summary of participant characteristics, M (SD)
| Men | Women | |
|---|---|---|
| (n = 700) | (n =393) | |
| Age (years) | 65.3 (6.9) | 64.9 (7.5) |
| Body Mass Index* (kg/m2) | 29.5 (4.8) | 28.8 (6.2) |
| Presence of CAD***, n (%) | 475 (68%) | 112 (28.5%) |
| Presence of metabolic syndrome**, n (%) | 414 (59.1%) | 190 (48.3%) |
| Smoker*, n (%) | 82 (11.7%) | 31 (7.9%) |
| Hours of exercise/week | 3.2 (3.8) | 3.1 (3.2) |
| Years of schooling* | 14.5 (3.7) | 14.0 (3.7) |
| Marital Status***, n (%) | ||
| Single | 52 (7.4%) | 46 (11.7%) |
| Married/living with someone | 544 (77.7%) | 259 (65.9%) |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 104 (14.9%) | 88 (22.4%) |
| Annual household income***, n (%) | ||
| ≤$39,999 | 120 (17.2%) | 93 (23.7%) |
| $40,000–59,999 | 153 (21.9%) | 115 (29.3%) |
| $60,000–99,999 | 230 (32.9%) | 104 (26.5%) |
| ≥$100,000 | 194 (27.7%) | 69 (17.6%) |
| Metabolic parameters | ||
| SBP*** (mm Hg) | 143.9 (20.0) | 138.4 (22.2) |
| DBP*** (mm Hg) | 73.2 (13.0) | 70.1 (13.7) |
| Waist circumference*** (cm) | 102.9 (13.6) | 92.7(15.4) |
| Glucose*** (mmol/L) | 6.4(1.4) | 5.9 (1.2) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.8) |
| HDL cholesterol*** (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.4) |
| Baseline physiological measures | ||
| HR*** (bpm) | 62.3 (9.8) | 67.4 (9.4) |
| HF-HRV** (ms2) | 827.0 (2990.3) | 365.1 (1014.3) |
| LF/HF | 2.51 (6.34) | 2.43 (2.83) |
| HFnu | 0.43 (0.2) | 0.41 (0.2) |
N may vary slightly depending on measure. CAD = coronary artery disease, SBP = systolic blood pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, HDL = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HR = heart rate, HF-HRV = high-frequency heart-rate variability, HFnu = high-frequency heart-rate variability in normalized units. Significant sex differences for each variable are indicated with asterisks, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.