TABLE 2.
Baseline characteristics and dietary intake in lowest and highest quintiles of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Alternative Healthy Eating Index–2010 (AHEI-2010), and Alternative Mediterranean Diet (AMED) scores among women in the Sister Study (n = 45,081)1
| DASH (range: 8–40) | AHEI-2010 (range: 0–110) | AMED (range: 0–9) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n = 10,573) | Q4 (n = 11,370) | Q1 (n = 11,604) | Q4 (n = 11,394) | Q1 (n = 10,012) | Q4 (n = 12,530) | |
| Score | 17.7 ± 2.1 | 30.1 ± 2.0 | 40.8 ± 4.4 | 64.4 ± 4.7 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 6.7 ± 0.8 |
| Baseline characteristics | ||||||
| Age, y | 52.5 ± 8.6 | 58.2 ± 8.6 | 53.4 ± 9.1 | 57.3 ± 8.4 | 53.5 ± 9.0 | 57.1 ± 8.6 |
| Non-Hispanic white, % | 23 | 10 | 19 | 14 | 19 | 13 |
| College graduate, % | 39 | 61 | 44 | 59 | 40 | 62 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.1 ± 6.8 | 26.2 ± 5.4 | 28.3 ± 6.5 | 26.9 ± 5.7 | 28.6 ± 6.5 | 26.6 ± 5.7 |
| Height, inches | 64.6 ± 2.6 | 64.7 ± 2.5 | 64.7 ± 2.5 | 64.6 ± 2.5 | 64.6 ± 2.5 | 64.8 ± 2.5 |
| Physical activity, MET-h/wk | 44.5 ± 28.7 | 57.7 ± 33.2 | 46.9 ± 29.5 | 55.5 ± 32.8 | 44.6 ± 28.7 | 56.7 ± 32.3 |
| Ever smoker, % | 46 | 41 | 45 | 43 | 44 | 42 |
| Postmenopausal, % | 54 | 75 | 57 | 72 | 57 | 71 |
| Parous, % | 83 | 81 | 83 | 80 | 84 | 80 |
| Age at menarche, y | 12.7 ± 1.6 | 12.6 ± 1.5 | 12.7 ± 1.6 | 12.6 ± 1.65 | 12.7 ± 1.5 | 12.6 ± 1.5 |
| Age at first live birth, y2 | 24.2 ± 5.4 | 25.1 ± 5.1 | 24.6 ± 5.4 | 24.9 ± 5.1 | 24.3 ± 5.3 | 25.2 ± 5.2 |
| OC use, % | 86 | 82 | 86 | 83 | 85 | 83 |
| Hormone replacement therapy, % | 34 | 49 | 36 | 47 | 36 | 46 |
| Ever breastfed, % | 63 | 75 | 66 | 74 | 63 | 76 |
| >1 first-degree relative diagnosed with breast cancer, % | 24 | 27 | 24 | 26 | 24 | 26 |
| Baseline dietary intake | ||||||
| Energy, kcal/d | 1,540 ± 567 | 1,715 ± 529 | 1,697 ± 553 | 1,563 ± 553 | 1,299 ± 465 | 1,917 ± 532 |
| Drinkers, % | 80 | 81 | 81 | 83 | 78 | 85 |
| Alcohol among drinkers, g/d | 5.7 ± 10.8 | 5.2 ± 8.3 | 7.1 ± 11.2 | 4.1 ± 7.3 | 5.0 ± 10.5 | 6.1 ± 8.3 |
| Total vegetables, servings/d | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 4.0 ± 2.1 | 2.0 ± 1.3 | 3.9 ± 2.2 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 4.2 ± 2.0 |
| Total fruits, servings/d | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.8 |
| Whole grains, oz/d | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.6 |
| Nuts, oz/d | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.7 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 1.7 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 1.8 |
| Legumes, oz/d | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.5 |
| Low-fat dairy, cups/d | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.9 |
| Fish, oz/d | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.8 |
| Saturated fat, % energy | 12.0 ± 2.6 | 9.4 ± 2.0 | 11.1 ± 2.5 | 10.1 ± 2.3 | 11.9 ± 2.9 | 9.8 ± 2.0 |
| Monounsaturated fat, % energy | 14.9 ± 3.2 | 14.1 ± 3.3 | 13.7 ± 2.9 | 15.4 ± 3.6 | 14.0 ± 3.2 | 15.1 ± 3.1 |
| Polyunsaturated fat, % energy | 8.8 ± 2.3 | 8.8 ± 2.2 | 7.9 ± 2.1 | 9.7 ± 2.3 | 8.2 ± 2.3 | 9.4 ± 2.1 |
| Omega-3 fatty acids, mg/d | 94.3 ± 90.3 | 139.1 ± 136.3 | 79.0 ± 67.7 | 170.2 ± 155.4 | 60.6 ± 54.3 | 178.2 ± 146.2 |
| Red and processed meat, oz/d | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.4 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages, drinks/d | 0.8 ± 1.3 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 1.3 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 1.1 | 0.2 ± 0.5 |
| Sodium, mg/d | 2364 ± 936 | 2574 ± 926 | 2527 ± 932 | 2441 ± 957 | 1929 ± 729 | 2984 ± 947 |
| Trans fat, g/d | 5.3 ± 3.1 | 4.1 ± 2.3 | 5.6 ± 2.9 | 3.7 ± 2.4 | 4.3 ± 2.5 | 5.0 ± 2.7 |
1
Means ± SDs or % presented. AMED, Alternative Mediterranean Diet; AHEI-2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index–2010; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; OC, oral contraceptive; Q, quartile.
2
Among parous women.