TABLE 2.
Assessment of bias for included completed studies1
| Bias in ascertainment of exposure | Bias in ascertainment of outcome | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author (reference) | Rating | Justification | Rating | Justification |
| Barr et al. (29) | − | Self-reported intake | + | Met requirements |
| Dugan et al. (30) | − | Self-reported intake | ? | Unclear blindingUnclear procedure |
| Manios et al. (27) | − | Self-reported intake | ? | Unclear blinding |
| Zeller et al. (33) | ? | No completeness reported | ? | Unclear blindingUnclear procedure |
| Appel et al. (21) | ? | No completeness reported | + | Met requirements |
| Appel et al.2 (32) | ? | No completeness reported | + | Met requirements |
| Funatsu et al. (31) | ? | No completeness reported | + | Met requirements |
| Hallfrisch et al. (22) | ? | No completeness reported | ? | Unclear blindingUnclear procedure |
| Nouvenne et al. (34) | ? | No completeness reported | ? | Unclear procedure |
| Sacks et al. (24) | ? | No completeness reported | + | Met requirements |
| Van Beresteijn et al. (28) | ? | No completeness reported | ? | Unclear blinding |
| Nowson et al. (23) | − | Self-reported intake | − | Blood pressure measured at home by participants |
| Hunt et al. (25) | + | Chemically analyzed food samples | ? | Unclear blinding |
| Marshall et al. (26) | − | Self-reported intake (baseline only) | ? | Unclear blinding |
| Alonso et al. (4)—ARIC | − | Self-reported intake | + | No interventionStandard procedure |
| Alonso et al. (4)—MESA | − | Self-reported intake | + | No interventionStandard procedure |
| Alonso, 2005 (35) | − | Self-reported intake | + | No interventionStandard procedure |
1
+, lower risk; ?, unclear risk; −, higher risk. ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
2
Writing Group of the PREMIER Collaborative Research Group.