TABLE 4.

Raw means, SDs, and effect sizes for executive function measures at all ages for placebo and DHA-supplemented groups

			Placebo			Supplemented
Assessment	Subtest or variable	Age (mo)	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	n	Effect size1 (d)
Willatts Task	Total score	10	8.84	4.21	92	9.14	4.53	105	0.068
Delayed Response	Initial trials	24	4.00	2.82	74	3.81	2.93	81	0.063
	—	30	3.98	3.20	73	4.91	3.52	81	0.278
	Reversal trials	24	5.38	3.58	75	4.95	3.14	81	0.128
	—	30	4.97	3.35	73	3.88	3.06	83	0.340
Dimensional Change Card Sort	Preswitch total	36	4.75	1.68	79	5.16	1.61	93	0.252
	—	42	5.82	0.89	76	5.62	1.08	91	0.202
	—	48	5.86	0.60	78	5.92	0.48	89	0.116
	—	60	5.87	0.78	74	6.00	0.00	84	0.369
	Postswitch total	36	2.13	2.11	79	1.97	2.43	93	0.070
	—	42	1.93	2.57	76	2.01	2.59	91	0.030
	—	48	3.17	2.81	78	3.27	2.88	89	0.036
	—	60	4.58	2.35	74	4.32	2.56	84	0.106
	Percent passing	36	0.39	0.49	79	0.52	0.50	93	0.250
	—	42	0.61	0.49	76	0.57	0.50	91	0.083
	—	48	0.74	0.44	78	0.75	0.43	89	0.021
	—	60	0.86	0.35	74	0.86	0.35	84	0.003
Stroop tasks	Total score	36	7.46	5.32	56	8.32	4.73	67	0.171
	—	42	8.05	4.69	67	8.77	4.56	81	0.157
	—	48	10.22	5.03	73	10.66	5.04	82	0.086
	—	60	12.45	4.63	74	13.13	4.07	83	0.156
Tower of Hanoi	Max steps	60	5.28	1.45	71	5.11	1.54	79	0.113
	—	72	6.15	1.18	66	6.17	0.87	79	0.013
	Efficiency	60	16.94	8.58	71	16.29	8.74	79	0.075
	—	72	24.56	8.34	66	24.15	6.79	79	0.055

¹None of the effects reported here for placebo compared with supplemented attained statistical significance, except the main effect for Delayed Response (P < 0.05).