Table 3. Genes with known or inferred roles in innate immunity or wound healing.
| Gene | Role | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Immune response or innate immunity target genes | ||
| Dif | NF-κB transcription factor, in Toll pathway. | Buchon et al. (2014) |
| PGRP-LC | Peptidoglycan recognition protein light chain. Transmembrane receptor recognizing diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan, a bacterial cell wall component. Upstream of the immune deficiency pathway. | Buchon et al. (2014) |
| PGRP-SA | See above. Other peptidoglycan recognition proteins are Cnc and Paraquat induced. Involved in the Toll pathway. Induced by LPS in S2 cells. | Boutros et al. (2002), Buchon et al. (2014) |
| GNBP2 | Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein 2. | Buchon et al. (2014) |
| Clect27 | C-type lectin. Putative roles in bacterial recognition. | O’Rourke et al. (2006) |
| Spn55B | Serpins function in Toll receptor activation. | Meekins et al. (2017) |
| upd2 | JAK/STAT ligand. Required for parasitoid wasp immune response. | Yang and Hultmark (2016) |
| upd3 | JAK/STAT ligand. Required for parasitoid wasp immune response. | Yang and Hultmark (2016) |
| cv-2 | Crossveinless 2, binds bone morphogenic proteins, is an immunity target gene in gut. | Buchon et al. (2009) |
| Ipk1 | Inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase. An immunity target gene in gut. | Buchon et al. (2009) |
| LamC | Lamin C. An immunity target gene in gut. | Buchon et al. (2009) |
| vir-1 | Virus-induced RNA 1. A JAK-STAT target, induced by viral infection. | Dostert et al. (2005) |
| wun2 | Wunen 2. Lipid phosphate phosphatase. An immunity target gene in gut and hemocytes. | Boutros et al. (2002), Buchon et al. (2009) |
| Pvf2 | Ligand for Pvr pathway. IMD pathway activates Pvf2 and 3 in a JNK-dependent way. Induced by LPS in Drosophila S2 cells. | Boutros et al. (2002), Bond and Foley (2009) |
| myo61f | Required for intestinal brush border integrity and resistance to bacterial pathogens. Induced by LPS. | Hegan et al. (2007), Silverman et al. (2003) |
| Jra | Jun transcription factor. Induced by LPS in Drosophila S2 cells. | Boutros et al. (2002) |
| Puc | Puckered. JNK phosphatase. Induced by LPS in Drosophila S2 cells. | Boutros et al. (2002) |
| Ets21c | Ets domain transcription factor. Induced by LPS in Drosophila S2 cells. | Boutros et al. (2002) |
| RhoL | Rho family GTPase. Induced by LPS in Drosophila S2 cells. | Boutros et al. (2002) |
| Mmp1 | Matrix metalloproteinase 1. Induced by LPS in Drosophila S2 cells. | Boutros et al. (2002) |
| Melanization and wound response | ||
| Tg | Transglutaminase. Part of cuticle cross-linking wound response pathway. | Telci and Griffin (2006) |
| amd | α methyl dopa-resistant. Part of cuticle cross-linking wound response pathway. | Tang (2009) |
| Ddc | Dopa decarboxylase. Part of cuticle cross-linking wound response pathway. | Tang (2009) |
| yellow-b | Related to Yellow, which is sufficient for the formation and deposition of melanin. | Ferguson et al. (2011) |
| yellow-c | See above. | Ferguson et al. (2011) |
| Cpr76Bc | Cuticular protein 76Bc. Three other Cprs are known to be wound inducible. | Moussian (2010) |
| mtg | Mind the gap. Chitin-binding cuticle protein. | Moussian (2010) |
| Edg78E | Insect cuticle protein. Chitin binding. | Moussian (2010) |
| Mmp1 | Matrix metalloproteinase 1. A wound response gene. | Lee and Miura (2014) |
| scb | α-integrin. JNK target required for embryonic wound repair. | Campos et al. (2010), Homsy et al. (2006) |
| Jra | Jun-related antigen (=fly Jun). Required for embryonic wound repair. | Campos et al. (2010) |
| Ets21C | Ets family transcription factor. Wound response gene. | Patterson et al. (2013) |
Genes with reported roles in the innate immune response and/or wound healing that were significantly upregulated in both sas-4 and asl mutants relative to wild-type. PVR, PDGF- and VEGF receptor-related; IMD, immune deficiency; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.