Table 2. Datasets used for this study. ID, inner diameter; n.a., not available.

Measurement	Dataset name	Run #	Photon energy (eV)	Detector distance (mm)	Sample concentration	Liquid flow (μl/min)	Gas flow (SLM)	Capillary
								ID (μm)	Voltage (kV)
Sucrose (ES) (Fig. 1B, bottom panel)	AMO L3416	38	670	370	5 v/v %	0.06	CO2 0.15 N2 1.30	40	2.20
Sucrose (GDVN) (Fig. 1B, bottom panel)	AMO L3116	142	800	370	0.1 v/v %	0.7	He 0.4	n.a.	n.a.
Sucrose (ES) (Fig. 1B, top panel)	RSM	337	n.a.	n.a.	12 v/v %	0.06	CO2 0.20 N2 1.45	n.a.	n.a.
Sucrose (GDVN) (Fig. 1B, top panel)	RSM	385	n.a.	n.a.	0.1 v/v %	0.44	He 0.4	n.a.	n.a.
Carboxysomes (ES) (Fig. 1C, top panel)	RSM	301	n.a.	n.a.	1 × 1013 ml−1	0.06	CO2 0.15 N2 1.20	40	2.50
Carboxysomes (GDVN 1) (Fig. 1C, middle panel)	RSM	305	n.a.	n.a.	1 × 1012 ml−1	0.59	He 0.4	n.a.	n.a.
Carboxysomes (GDVN 2) (Fig. 1C, bottom panel)	RSM	309	n.a.	n.a.	1 × 1012 ml−1	0.59	He 0.6	n.a.	n.a.
Carboxysomes (ES) (Fig. 2, A to C )	AMO L3416	51–56	800	370	1 × 1013 ml−1	0.06	CO2 0.15 N2 1.30	40	2.15
TBSV (ES) (Fig. 2, C to E)	AMO L3416	132–135 137–142	800	259	3 × 1014 ml−1	0.06	CO2 0.15 N2 1.30	30	2.25
Rubisco (sample) (Fig. 3A, panel 1)	AMO L3416	252	800	130	8 × 1014 ml−1	0.06	CO2 0.15 N2 1.30	30	2.25
Rubisco (buffer) (Fig. 3A, panel 2)	AMO L3416	203	800	130	n.a.	0.06	CO2 0.15 N2 1.30	30	2.15
Rubisco (gas) (Fig. 3A, panel 3)	AMO L3416	256	800	130	n.a.	0.00	CO2 0.15 N2 1.30	n.a	n.a.
Rubisco (dark) (Fig. 3A, panel 4)	AMO L3416	257	800	130	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.