Table 1.
Sample demographics, history of substance use and baseline psychological and biological stress response variables.
| Overall Study Cohort (n=39) |
Treatment Assignment/Gender Group |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Stress Group | Stress Group | ||||
| Male (n=10) |
Female (n=10) |
Male (n=11) |
Female (n=8) |
||
| Demographics | |||||
| Age | 34.9 (12.6) | 28.5 (10.5) | 38.3 (13.3) | 30.5 (10.3) | 44.8 (11.0)# |
| Female % (n) | 46.5 (18) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Race/Ethnicity % (n) | |||||
| Caucasian | 82.1 (32) | 80.0 (8) | 80.0 (8) | 90.9 (10) | 75.0 (6) |
| African American | 5.1 (2) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | 25.0 (2) |
| Hispanic | 5.1 (2) | 10.0 (1) | 0.0 (0) | 9.1 (1) | 0.0 (0) |
| Native American | 7.7 (3) | 10.0 (1) | 20.0 (2) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) |
| Lifetime number of traumatic experiences | 7.9 (4.8) | 6.0 (3.0) | 11.4 (5.2)# | 5.5 (4.2) | 9.4 (7.2) |
| Substance Use | |||||
| Age of first opiate use | 21.9 (10.3) | 20.3 (5.8) | 24.2 (14.3) | 16.5 (3.8) | 28.8 (11.7) # |
| Age OUD onset | 26.8 (10.4) | 24.8 (8.1) | 28.4 (14.3) | 22.4 (6.2) | 33.5 (9.4) # |
| Days using Opiates (past 30 days) | 18.2 (8.5) | 19.0 (8.4) | 18.3 (8.0) | 14.5 (8.1) | 22.1 (9.5) |
| Pills per using Day (past 30 days) | 4.3 (2.8) | 3.7 (1.8) | 5.8 (4.1) | 3.2 (1.9) | 4.7 (2.6) |
| Past month Substance Use % (n)* | |||||
| Heroin | 8.1 (3) | 0.0 (0) | 11.1 (1) | 10.0 (1) | 12.5 (1) |
| Alcohol | 59.5 (22) | 77.8 (7) | 33.3 (3) | 81.8 (9) | 37.5 (3) |
| Cannabis | 41.7 (15) | 44.4 (4) | 33.3 (3) | 60.0 (6) | 25.0 (2) |
| Cocaine | 30.6 (11) | 33.3 (3) | 55.6 (5) | 20.0 (2) | 12.5 (1) |
| Baseline Response Variables | |||||
| Subjective Stress | 3.5 (2.3) | 2.4 (2.1) | 4.4 (2.7) | 3.5 (2.3) | 4.0 (2.1) |
| Cortisol (ug/dL) | 0.27 (0.13) | 0.23 (0.14) | 0.30 (0.14) | 0.28 (0.11) | 0.25 (0.13) |
| DHEA (pg/mL) | 170.3 (108.9) | 226.9 (137.9) | 143.7 (64.9) | 149.3 (117.2) | 157.2 (90.6) |
| Heart Rate | 70.1 (10.1) | 66.6 (7.8) | 75.3 (9.1) # | 67.2 (13.3) | 70.8 (8.1) |
Continuous data are presented as means and associated standard deviations while categorical characteristics are presented as percentages and the number in each category.
*
2 participants in the stress group failed to report past 30 day heroin use status, 2 participants in the no stress group failed to report past 30 days alcohol use status, 2 participants in the no stress and 1 in the stress group failed to report past 30 days cannabis and cocaine use status.
#
p<0.05 as compared to male participants.