Table 4.
Multivariable HRs with 95% CIs for the associations between intake of SFA from different food sources (en %) and incidence of type 2 diabetes in 37,421 participants from the EPIC-NL cohort
| SFA from: | Median intake en%/day | SDa | Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 3d | Model 4e | Model 5f |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Butter | 0.67 | 1.44 | 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) | 0.88 (0.82, 0.95) | 0.90 (0.84, 0.97) | 0.93 (0.86, 1.01) | 0.93 (0.86, 1.01) |
| Cheese | 2.33 | 1.98 | 0.93 (0.87, 1.00) | 0.89 (0.83, 0.95) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | 0.86 (0.79, 0.93) | 0.90 (0.83, 0.98) |
| Milk and milk products | 2.30 | 1.47 | 1.10 (1.03, 1.17) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.09) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.05) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.93, 1.10) |
| Meat | 2.53 | 1.47 | 1.22 (1.15, 1.29) | 1.23 (1.17, 1.31) | 1.20 (1.13, 1.28) | 1.10 (1.02, 1.19) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.11) |
| Cakes and cookies | 0.81 | 0.84 | 1.02 (0.95, 1.08) | 0.88 (0.82, 0.95) | 0.89 (0.83, 0.96) | 0.94 (0.87, 1.01) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.05) |
| Snacks | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.71 (0.65, 0.77) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.93, 1.10) | 0.96 (0.87, 1.06) | 0.90 (0.81, 1.00) |
| Hard, solid fats | 1.02 | 1.27 | 1.13 (1.07, 1.20) | 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) |
| Soft, liquid fats | 0.59 | 0.51 | 1.16 (1.09, 1.23) | 1.11 (1.04, 1.18) | 1.12 (1.06, 1.19) | 1.08 (0.99, 1.16) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.17) |
| Others | 2.57 | 1.08 | 0.79 (0.73, 0.85) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.05) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.08) | 0.95 (0.86, 1.06) | 0.96 (0.87, 1.06) |
Obtained from Cox proportional hazards regression models. EPIC-NL, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Netherlands
aHRs are expressed per SD en%
bCrude model; adjusted for total energy intake
cAdjustment for sex, age and sum of other SFA
dAdditional adjustments for education level, energy-adjusted alcohol consumption level, smoking status, physical activity level
eAdditional adjustments for energy-adjusted intake of animal protein, vegetable protein, trans fatty acids, vitamin E, dietary fibre and cholesterol
fAdditional adjustments for BMI and waist circumference