. 2019 Apr 27;126(5):623–636. doi: 10.1007/s00702-019-02002-2

Table 2.

Characteristics of studies reporting correlative data

First author, year of publication	Males		Females		Subforms of addiction
First author, year of publication	n	r _p	n	r _p	Subforms of addiction
Vehmas et al. (2006)^a,d,e	NA	NA	490	− 0.039	Alcohol
Manning et al. (2011)^a,e	92,686	− 0.018	76,488	− 0.03	Alcohol
Manning et al. (2011)^b,e	92,686	− 0.019	76,488	− 0.022	Alcohol
Lenz et al. (2018b)^a,d,e	935	– 0.03	989	0	Alcohol
Lenz et al. (2018b)^b,d,e	935	− 0.024	989	0	Alcohol
Lenz et al. (2018b)^a,d,e	935	− 0.105	989	− 0.032	Alcohol
Lenz et al. (2018b)^b,d,e	935	− 0.086	989	− 0.058	Alcohol
Herschl et al. (2012)^c,f	60	0.3	NA	NA	Illegal drugs
Hoskin et al. (2015)^a,f,g	190	− 0.186	255	− 0.21	Illegal drugs
Cicek et al. (2017)^a,e	62	− 0.014	NA	NA	Illegal drugs
Hoskin (2017)^a,f,g	190	− 0.186	255	− 0.193	Illegal drugs
Canan et al. (2018)^a,e,g	150	− 0.129	NA	NA	Illegal drugs
Canan et al. (2018)^b,e,g	150	− 0.164	NA	NA	Illegal drugs
Hobson (2018)^a,e	36	− 0.36	90	0.03	Illegal drugs
Hobson (2018)^b,e	36	− 0.51	90	0.01	Illegal drugs
Manning and Fink (2011)^a,e	92,305	0.004	76,443	0.022	Nicotine
Manning and Fink (2011)^b,e	92,305	0.01	76,443	0.019	Nicotine
Lenz et al. (2017)^a,f,g	87	0.287	NA	NA	Nicotine
Lenz et al. (2017)^b,f,g	87	0.142	NA	NA	Nicotine
Canan et al. (2017)^a,e	283	− 0.353	369	0.011	Computer
Canan et al. (2017)^b,e	283	− 0.192	369	− 0.033	Computer
Müller et al. (2017)^a,f,g	74	− 0.199	138	0.052	Computer
Müller et al. (2017)^b,f,g	74	0.01	138	− 0.021	Computer
Kim et al. (2018)^a,e	388	− 0.139	265	0.035	Computer
Hoskin and Ellis (2015)^a,f,g	190	− 0.296	255	− 0.197	Gambling
Hoskin (2017)^a,f,g	190	− 0.296	255	− 0.197	Gambling

^aRight 2D:4D

^bLeft 2D:4D

^cMean of right and left 2D:4D

^dThe authors contacted for these data

^eNo tissue deformation when measuring 2D:4D

^fTissue deformation when measuring 2D:4D

^gPearson r derived from Spearman ρ