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. 2019 May 3;9:6871. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42862-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Observed OTU (A), Shannon (B), and Simpson (C) diversity, and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (D) illustrate clustering of P. aeruginosa and H. influenzae positive samples. Differences in the sputum microbial diversity of samples collected in relation to the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA, n = 60) and Haemophilus influenzae (HI, n = 17) and in samples with neither (Neither, n = 56). The ellipses for each group represent the 90% confidence interval. The median and interquartile ranges (IQR) are represented by the middle, top, and bottom lines of each boxplot. Statistically significant comparisons were shown using the p-value.