Table 4.
Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis of factors associated with upper limbs pain among hotel housekeepers, Northwest Ethiopia, 2017 (n = 422)
| Variables | Upper limb pain | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 25 | 9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 146 | 242 | 4.6 (2.09, 10.14)** | 2.64 (0.98, 7.09) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≤ 24 | 96 | 98 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25–29 | 30 | 70 | 2.29 (1.37, 3.81)* | 3.39 (1.63, 7.07)* |
| > 29 | 45 | 83 | 1.8 (1.14, 2.86)* | 1.56 (0.81, 2.99) |
| Educational status | ||||
| Illiterate | 72 | 83 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Primary school | 88 | 152 | 1.49 (0.99, 2.26) | 1.15 (0.66, 2.02) |
| Secondary school and above | 11 | 16 | 1.26 (0.55, 2.89) | 0.97 (0.31, 3.11) |
| Specific work experience in this work area | ||||
| 1–2 years | 122 | 169 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| > 2 years | 49 | 82 | 1.2 (0.79, 1.84) | 0.78 (0.43, 1.41) |
| Body mass index (BMI) | ||||
| Under weight | 26 | 45 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Normal weight | 118 | 159 | 0.78 (0.45, 1.33) | 1.89 (0.0.88,4.08) |
| Over weight and obese | 27 | 47 | 1.01 (0.51, 1.98) | 1.99 (0.76, 5.20) |
| Rest break taken per day (excluding lunch break) | ||||
| < 30 min | 31 | 76 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 30–45 min | 89 | 136 | 0.62 (0.38, 1.02) | 0.61 (0.31, 1.23) |
| > 45 min | 51 | 39 | 0.31 (0.17, 0.56)** | 0.47 (0.2, 1.14) |
| The job requires repetitive work | ||||
| No | 138 | 64 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 33 | 187 | 12.22 (7.6, 19.6)** | 6.44 (2.99, 13.84)** |
| The job requires reaching/overstretching | ||||
| No | 134 | 67 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 37 | 184 | 9.9 (6.28, 15.74)** | 3.33 (1.48, 7.51)* |
| The job requires bending | ||||
| No | 117 | 87 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 54 | 164 | 4.08 (2.7, 6.18)** | 0.45 (0.19, 1.05) |
| Satisfaction | ||||
| No | 50 | 198 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 121 | 53 | 0.11 (0.07, 0.17)** | 0.22 (0.13, 0.38)** |
| Training | ||||
| No | 119 | 204 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 52 | 47 | 0.53 (0.34, 0.83)* | 0.78 (0.41, 1.50) |
| Manager concern for health and safety | ||||
| Disagree/strongly disagree | 117 | 190 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Neutral | 36 | 57 | 0.98 (0.61, 1.57) | 0.35 (0.17, 0.72)* |
| Agree/strongly agree | 18 | 4 | 0.14 (0.05, 0.41)** | 0.11 (0.02, 0.60)* |
Gender, sex, and BMI were adjusted covariates
Note: 1:00 = reference, * = variable p value < 0.05, ** = p value ≤ 0.001