In vitro clotting assay using recombinant PO and RCP with tyrosine. (A–C) Protein cross-linking assay on SDS/PAGE gels. (A) Reaction of activated PO, RCP, and tyrosine. (B) Reaction of activated PO and RCP without tyrosine. (C) Reaction of activated PO, BSA, and tyrosine. Black arrows show the upper end of separating gels where cross-linked high–molecular-weight proteins accumulate. Red, blue, and green arrowheads indicate PO, RCP, and BSA, respectively. (D–M) Clotting assay in plastic tubes. Images are reaction mixtures after 1 h incubation: (D) all components consisting of activated PO, RCP, and tyrosine; (E) without tyrosine; (F) BSA in place of RCP; (G) without RCP; (H) 50% PO; (I) 20% PO; (J) 50% tyrosine; (K) 20% tyrosine; (L) 150% RCP; and (M) 50% RCP.