Table 1.
Characteristics of study subjects according to the presence of structural abnormalities
| Variables | No structural abnormality | Structural abnormality | P value |
| (n=560) | (n=92) | ||
| Age (year) | 57.7±8.9 | 60.8±8.8 | 0.017 |
| Male sex, N (%) | 309 (55.2) | 52 (56.5) | 0.432 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2±3.0 | 26.9±3.5 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 119.8±13.7 | 126.6±12.1 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 73.7±8.9 | 76.9±8.6 | 0.003 |
| Hb (g/L) | 147.7±14.6 | 146.3±16.5 | 0.965 |
| FBS (mmol/L) | 5.9±1.5 | 6.2±1.5 | 0.289 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.4±1.1 | 5.2±1.0 | 0.110 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.4±0.9 | 1.6±1.1 | 0.125 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.5±0.4 | 1.4±0.4 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.2±1 | 3.1±0.9 | 0.236 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 78.5±15.2 | 76.9±15.7 | 0.520 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 85.3±14.7 | 87.3±18.4 | 0.639 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 29.6±27.5 | 55.8±91.5 | 0.015 |
| LVEF (%) | 66±6.5 | 64.9±7.3 | 0.807 |
| LVMI (g/m2) | 71.7±13.3 | 88.9±18.1 | <0.001 |
| LAD (mL/m2) | 33.7±3.9 | 40.8±5.5 | <0.001 |
| E/e’ | 11±3.4 | 13±3.5 | 0.002 |
| e’ (cm/s) | 6.2±1.6 | 5.9±5.4 | 0.950 |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean±SD values and were compared using Student’s t-test. Categorical variables are expressed as N (%) values and were analysed using the χ2 test.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; e’, mean e’ septal and lateral wall velocity; E/e’, mitral early flow velocity/early diastolic tissue velocity; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBS, fasting blood sugar; Hb, haemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LAD, left atrial dimension; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.