Table 3.
Characteristics of study subjects according to the presence of structural abnormalities and/or diastolic dysfunction
| Variables | Normala | Structural abnormalityb | Diastolic dysfunctionc | Structural abnormality and diastolic dysfunctiond | P value | Multiple comparison |
| (n=167) | (n=15) | (n=393) | (n=77) | |||
| Age (year) | 52.5±8.8 | 54.8±8.9 | 59.9±8 | 62±8.3 | <0.001 | a, b<c, d |
| Male sex, n (%) | 82 (49.1) | 11 (73.3) | 227 (57.8) | 41 (53.3) | 0.129 | – |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2±3 | 25.9±2.1 | 24.6±2.9 | 27.1±3.7 | <0.001 | a<d |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 115.7±12.6 | 121.3±11.5 | 121.6±13.8 | 127.6±12 | <0.001 | a<d |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 71.2±8.7 | 73±8 | 74.8±8.8 | 77.6±8.5 | <0.001 | a, b<d |
| Hb (g/L) | 143.7±15.1 | 147.3±16.6 | 149.4±14.1 | 146.1±16.6 | <0.001 | – |
| FBS (mmol/L) | 5.6±1 | 5.5±1 | 6.1±1.6 | 6.4±1.5 | <0.001 | b<d |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.4±1 | 5.1±1.3 | 5.4±1.1 | 5.3±0.9 | 0.631 | – |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.2±0.8 | 0.9±0.7 | 1.4±1 | 1.7±1.1 | <0.001 | b<d |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.6±0.4 | 1.5±0.5 | 1.5±0.4 | 1.4±0.4 | 0.001 | a>d |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.2±1 | 3.2±1 | 3.3±1 | 3.1±0.9 | 0.618 | – |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 75.4±15.1 | 85.5±18.2 | 79.7±15.2 | 75.2±14.7 | 0.001 | a, d<b |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)* | 89.5±15.8 | 82.3±13.1 | 83.5±13.9 | 88.3±19.2 | <0.001 | b<a |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL)* | 27.1±16 | 132.9±195.2 | 30.7±31.1 | 40.8±40 | 0.005 | a, c,d<b |
| LVEF (%)* | 65.3±6.3 | 63.8±12 | 66.3±6.6 | 65.2±6.2 | 0.272 | – |
| LVMI (g/m2)* | 67.8±12.8 | 88±16.2 | 73.3±13.1 | 89.1±18.5 | <0.001 | a,c<b,d |
| LAD (mL/m2)* | 33±3.9 | 43.5±6.2 | 34±3.8 | 40.2±5.2 | <0.001 | a,c<d < b |
| E/e’* | 9.3±2.1 | 10.7±2.4 | 11.8±3.5 | 13.4±3.5 | <0.001 | a<b,c<d |
| e’ (cm/s)* | 8.2±1.1 | 11±12.3 | 5.4±0.9 | 4.9±1.2 | <0.001 | d,c<a < b |
*Welch’s ANOVA (not equal variance) was used.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; e’, mean e’ septal and lateral wall velocity; E/e’, mitral early flow velocity/early diastolic tissue velocity; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBS, fasting blood sugar; Hb, haemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LAD, left atrial dimension; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.