Table 2.

Mean change and difference between control and intervention groups for functional fitness and loneliness, adjusted for baseline HHIE-25 score

Functional fitness	Controlgroup	Intervention group	Difference between groups	Effect size
	Mean ∆ (95% CI)	Mean ∆ (95% CI)	Mean ∆ (95% CI)
Gait speed (m/s)	0.07 (0.04 to 0.11)	0.12 (0.09 to 0.15)	0.05 (0.0 to 0.09)*	0.57
Sit to Stand (30 s)	0.6 (−0.1 to 1.3)	1.6 (1.0 to 2.3)	1.0 (0.1 to 2.0)*	0.53
8-Foot Get Up and Go (s)	−0.5 (−0.9 to 0.2)	−0.8 (−1.1 to 0.5)	−0.3 (−0.8 to 0.2)	0.32
Grip Strength (kg)	1.3 (−0.8 to 3.5)	2.8 (0.8 to 4.8)	1.5 (−1.5 to 4.5)	0.26
Sit and Reach (cm)	0.8 (−3.6 to 5.2)	3.6 (−0.5 to 7.8)	2.8 (−3.3 to 9.0)	0.23
Back Scratch (cm)	0.0 (−2.7 to 2.7)	4.0 (1.4 to 6.5)	4.0 (0.2 to 7.7)*	0.54
Balance (s)	6.0 (0.1 to 11.9)	6.8 (1.2 to 12.3)	0.8 (−7.4 to 9.1)	0.05
de Jong loneliness total	−1.5 (−2.1 to 0.9)	−0.9 (−1.4 to 0.3)	0.6 (−0.2 to 1.5)	−0.35
Emotional subscale	−0.9 (−1.3 to 0.5)	−0.3 (−0.7 to 0.1)	0.6 (0.1 to 1.2)*	−0.54
Social subscale	−0.6 (−1.2 to 0.1)	−0.5 (−1.0 to 0.1)	0.1 (−0.6 to 0.8)	−0.07

*P<0.05.

HHIE, Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly; Mean ∆, mean change.