Table 2.

Risk of all MOF and hip fractures alone in patients with COPD compared with non-COPD patients

	Number of fractures	Rate/1000 person-years	HR (95% CI)	Fully adjusted HR (95% CI)
MOF
Non-COPD patients	6032	4.32 (4.22–4.44)	Reference	Reference
Patients with COPD	2234	6.64 (6.37–6.92)	1.60 (1.52 to 1.69)	1.04 (0.96 to 1.12)*
Hip fracture
Non-COPD patients	3170	2.26 (2.18–2.34)	Reference	Reference
Patients with COPD	1213	3.57 (3.38–3.78)	1.67 (1.56 to 1.80)	1.09 (0.98 to 1.21)†

Fully adjusted:

*Multivariable Cox regression model-derived HR was adjusted for age, sex, GP, CC I, BMI, smoking status, inhaled corticosteroid use, antidepressant use and cumulative OCS use.

†Multivariable Cox regression model-derived HR was adjusted for age, sex, GP, CCI, BMI, smoking status, inhaled corticosteroid use and cumulative OCS use.

BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GP, general practice; MOF, major osteoporotic fractures; OCS, oral corticosteroid; HR, conditional regression used to account for matching by age, sex and GP.