Table 2.
Trends of driving under the influence of alcohol: by substance use type, United States, NSDUH 2008–2014
| Past-year alcohol use | Past-year drug use, regardless of pas-year alcohol use status | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol only | Prescription opioids only | Marijuana only | Other single drug | Prescription opioids-Marijuana | Multiple prescription drugs | Other multiple drugs | |
| Sample size | n = 139,835 | n = 5224 | n = 31,982 | n = 3710 | n = 3903 | n = 1262 | n = 18,367 |
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | |
| Overall prevalence | 12.93 (12.65–13.21) | 22.16 (20.20–24.13) | 29.10 (28.13–30.07) | 27.50 (25.43–29.57) | 39.37 (37.12–41.63) | 34.70 (30.79–38.61) | 48.30 (47.01–49.60) |
| Year 2008 | 14.63 (13.74–15.52) | 28.69 (23.29–34.10) | 34.57 (30.86–38.29) | 24.27 (18.34–30.21) | 46.20 (40.82–51.58) | 45.24 (35.93–54.55) | 53.60 (50.77–56.44) |
| Year 2009 | 13.28 (12.52–14.04) | 22.58 (18.14–27.02) | 32.89 (30.09–35.69) | 24.25 (18.14–30.37) | 46.81 (40.36–53.27) | 37.38 (24.89–49.87) | 52.42 (48.97–55.87) |
| Year 2010 | 12.65 (11.90–13.41) | 21.73 (16.89–26.57) | 30.62 (27.80–33.44) | 32.19 (25.20–39.18) | 42.89 (35.98–49.80) | 38.91 (29.09–48.73) | 49.18 (46.01–52.35) |
| Year 2011 | 13.39 (12.53–14.24) | 23.63 (17.35–29.91) | 28.54 (26.51–30.57) | 29.04 (22.38–35.69) | 39.28 (33.78–44.78) | 25.45 (14.50–36.41) | 46.63 (43.73–49.54) |
| Year 2012 | 12.22 (11.50–12.94) | 18.30 (13.90–22.69) | 28.30 (25.81–30.80) | 34.77 (27.67–41.87) | 35.58 (30.05–41.12) | 34.32 (24.28–44.37) | 44.72 (41.11–48.33) |
| Year 2013 | 12.70 (11.93–13.47) | 19.90 (14.32–25.49) | 26.85 (24.64–29.06) | 25.56 (18.75–32.36) | 31.30 (25.35–37.24) | 36.94 (25.45–48.42) | 48.62 (44.97–52.26) |
| Year 2014 | 11.71 (11.07–12.35) | 19.72 (15.91–23.52) | 25.14 (23.42–26.86) | 23.29 (19.68–26.91) | 34.21 (27.44–40.97) | 23.67 (15.75–31.58) | 43.21 (39.64–46.79) |
| Joinpointsa | |||||||
| Zero joinpoints | Zero joinpoints | Zero joinpoints | One joinpoint (in 2012) |
Zero joinpoints | Zero joinpoints | Zero joinpoints | |
| Annual percent change (APC)b | |||||||
| Before joinpoint | −2.8* (−4.7, −0.9) | −5.4* (−9.5, −1.1) | −5.0* (−5.8, −4.1) | 8.7 (−13.2, 36.2) | −6.5* (−8.8, − 4.0) | −7.4* (− 13.6, − 0.8) | −3.2* (− 5.0, − 1.3) |
| After joinpoint | −2.8* (− 4.7, − 0.9) | − 5.4* (− 9.5, − 1.1) | −5.0* (− 5.8, − 4.1) | −17.6 (− 57.2, 58,8) | −6.5* (− 8.8,-4.0) | − 7.4* (− 13.6, − 0.8) | −3.2* (− 5.0, − 1.3) |
| Average annual percent change (AAPC)c | |||||||
| 2008–2014 | − 2.8* (− 4.7, − 0.9) | −5.4* (− 9.5, − 1.1) | −5.0* (− 5.8, − 4.1) | −0.9 (− 12.2, 11.9) | − 6.5* (− 8.8,-4.0) | −7.4* (− 13.6, − 0.8) | −3.2* (− 5.0, − 1.3) |
CI Confidence Interval
* Statistically significantly different from zero (p < .05)
a Joinpoints were identified with joinpoint regression. The final model selected by joinpoint regression was used
b Annual percent change was estimated by joinpoint regression. APC was the same before and after joinpoint when zero joinpoints were detected
c APC and AAPC were the same when zero joinpoints were detected
Note. Sample size varied due to responses with unknown values