Table 2.
The basic demographic, stroke locations, and autonomic function among 3 subtypes of stroke patients.
| Small deep hemisphere infarction (n=14) | Large hemisphere infarction (n=13) | Brainstem infarction (n=7) | p-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left | Right | Total | Left | Right | Total | Left | Right | Total | ||
| Age | 61.7±9.9 | 63.5±8.7 | 65.6±5.8 | 0.63 | ||||||
| Sex (female) n | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0.34 | ||||||
| NIHSS | 4.3±1.5 | 5.3±5.3 | 10.4±8.3 | 0.04 | ||||||
| SBP | 172.4±24.7 | 163.2±29.6 | 175.0±34.8 | 0.60 | ||||||
| DBP | 95.8±15.9 | 89.5±17.5 | 91.4±11.0 | 0.58 | ||||||
| Lateralization | 6 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 3 | ||||
| Stroke location | ||||||||||
| Internal capsule | 2 | 2 | 4 | |||||||
| Basal ganglia | 2 | 5 | 7 | |||||||
| Corona radiate | 3 | 5 | 8 | |||||||
| Putamen | 0 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Frontal lobe | 5 | 3 | 8 | |||||||
| Temporal lobe | 4 | 3 | 7 | |||||||
| Insula | 2 | 2 | 4 | |||||||
| Parietal Lobe | 2 | 5 | 7 | |||||||
| Occipital lobe | 0 | 2 | 2 | |||||||
| Midbrain | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||||||
| Pons | 3 | 3 | 6 | |||||||
| Medulla | 0 | 2 | 2 | |||||||
| Spectral analysis | ||||||||||
| LF (n.u) | 49.0±22.0 | 63.9±16.1 | 57.5±19.6 | 59.5±19.1 | 57.1±25.9 | 58.2±22.1 | 82.0±6.7 | 45.0±39.1 | 66.1±30.5 | 0.69 |
| HF (n.u) | 50.8±21.8 | 35.7±16.1 | 42.2±19.6 | 40.6±19.0 | 42.5±25.6 | 41.6±21.9 | 28.7±6.5 | 45.0±39 | 33.8±30.1 | 0.71 |
| LF/HF ratio | 1.2±1.1 | 2.6±2.1 | 2.0±1.9 | 2.2±2.0 | 2.3±2.2 | 2.3±2.0 | 4.2±2.5 | 2.7±1.9 | 3.7±2.8 | 0.24 |
| Cardio-vagal function | ||||||||||
| Valsalva ratio | 1.3±0.6 | 1.0±0.3 | 1.2±0.4 | 1.0±0.1 | 1.0±0.3 | 1.0±0.2 | 1.1±0.4 | 1.1±0.2 | 1.1±0.3 | 0.41 |
| HR_DB | 6.8±1.3 | 9.0±4.7 | 7.8±3.3 | 5.3±3.4 | 5.6±3.4 | 5.4±3.2 | 3.0±0.6 | 2.0±0.8 | 2.5±0.7 | 0.07 |
| Baroreflex function | ||||||||||
| BRS | 4.5±1.0 | 5.6±1.3 | 5.1±1.3 | 4.0±3.4 | 3.1±0.9 | 3.5±1.2∗ | 3.5±1.0 | 3.3±1.5 | 3.4±1.1∗ | 0.002§ |
All values are mean ± SD; § p-value are compared with overall mean among 3 groups; ∗p < 0.05, compared to small deep hemisphere infarction with post hoc analysis.
Because some patients have multiple infarction, the total number of the stroke locations is greater than the number of patients.
Abbreviations. SD: standard deviation; LF: low frequency; HF: high frequency; HR_DB: heart rate response to deep breathing; BRS: baroreflex sensitivity n.u.: normalized unit