Table 1.

List of plants recorded in informal herbal medicine markets in the Limpopo province, South Africa.

Family	Scientific name	Habit	Conservation status	Part used	Medicinal uses	Frequency (%)
Acanthaceae	Sclerochiton ilicifolius A. Meeuse	Tree	LC	Roots	Hypertension and malaria	28.6
Amaryllidaceae	Clivia caulescens R.A. Dyer	Herb	NT	Roots	Police evasion	54.3
Amaryllidaceae	Boophone disticha (L.f.) Herb.	Herb	LC	Bulb	Cancer, diabetes mellitus and kidney problem	25.7
Amaryllidaceae	Ammocharis coranica (Ker Gawl.) Herb.	Herb	LC	Bulb	Hypertension and blood cancer	25.7
Amaryllidaceae	Clivia miniata var. citrina	Herb	DDT	Bulb	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), arthritis, skin disorder and tuberculosis	22.9
Anacampserotaceae	Talinum caffrum (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh	Herb	LC	Roots	Eye disorder	14.3
Anacampserotaceae	Talinum crispatulum Dinter	Herb	LC	Roots	Kidney and womb problem	25.7
Anacardiaceae	Protorhus longifolia (Bernh.) Engl	Tree	LC	Bark	Tooth decay and bad breath, laxative and poison/kill people	22.9
Anacardiaceae	Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl) Engl var. stuhlmannii (Engl)	Tree	LC	Roots	Cause memory loss and increase milk production in pregnant woman	25.7
Annonaceae	Annona senegalensis Pers.	Tree	LC	Roots	Chlamydia and malaria	8.6
Apiaceae	Alepidea amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh.	Herb	EN	Roots and whole plant	To attract customers and protection from theft, flu and colds and diabetes	100.0
Apocynaceae	Acokanthera rotundata (Codd) Kupicha	Tree	LC	Bark	Headache and sinusitis	11.4
Apocynaceae	Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels	Herb	EN	Roots and fruits	Stamina and diabetes	5.7
Araceae	Stylochaeton natalensis Schott	Herb	LC	Roots	Waist pain in men	25.7
Araceae	Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng.	Herb	LC	Roots	Chlamydia and measles	5.7
Asparagaceae	Asparagus aethiopicus L.	Herb	LC	Roots	Attract customers and skin protection for people living with albinism	22.9
Asteraceae	Callilepis salicifolia Oliv.	Herb	LC	Roots	Flu, cough and stomach ache	2.9
Asteraceae	Callilepsis laureola DC.	Herb	LC	Tuber	Tuberculosis and asthma	54.3
Asteraceae	Dicoma anomala Sond.	Herb	LC	Tuber	Tuberculosis and flu	8.6
Asteraceae	Helichrysum cymosum (L.) D. Don subsp. calvum Hilliard	Shrub	LC	Whole plant	Asthma, call ancestors, cough and tuberculosis	5.7
Asteraceae	Senecio gregatus Hilliard	Shrub	LC	Leaves	Body cleansing	22.9
Asteraceae	Senecio serratuloides DC.	Shrub	LC	Leaves	Body cleansing and HIV symptoms	22.9
Brassicaceae	Capparis sepiaria L. var. subglabra (Oliv) DeWolf	Shrub	LC	Roots	Protection from lightning and nose bleed	2.9
Canellaceae	Warburgia salutaris (G.Bertol.) Chiov.	Tree	EN	Bark	Asthma, blood disorders, impotency, skin disorders, sores and tuberculosis	100.0
Capparaceae	Capparis tomentosa Lam.	Shrub	LC	Bark	Home protection	11.4
Caryophyllacea	Dianthus basuticus Burtt	Herb	LC	Roots	Win court cases	22.9
Celastraceae	Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk ex Endl	Tree	LC	Leaves	Energy booster and stamina	14.3
Celastraceae	Elaeodendron transvaalense (Burtt) R H Archer	Tree	NT	Bark	Tuberculosis and sexually transmitted infections (STI)	2.9
Celastraceae	Pleurostylia capensis (Turcz.) Loes.	Tree	LC	Roots	Eyes disorders and mental illnesses	28.6
Clusiaceae	Garcinia gerrardii Harv. ex Sim	Tree	LC	Roots	Lack of appetite	20.0
Combretaceae	Combretum molle R.Br. ex G.Don	Tree	LC	Roots	Skin disorders and tuberculosis	8.6
Commelinaceae	Commelina subulata Roth	Herb	LC	Seeds	Cause memory loss	5.7
Dioscoreaceae	Dioscorea sylvatica Eckl.	Herb	VU	Bulb	Foot disorder and body pains	54.3
Dioscoreaceae	Dioscorea dregeana (Kunth) T Durand & Schinz	Herb	LC	Tuber	Foot disorder, body pains, malaria and to oppress opponents	54.3
Dipsacaceae	Scabiosa columbaria L.	Herb	LC	Roots	Assist people to stop drinking alcohol, quench thirst and oral infections	20.0
Ebenaceae	Diospyros lycioides Desf subsp sericea (Bernh) De Winter	Tree	LC	Roots	Cancer, chest pains and STI	11.4
Ebenaceae	Euclea crispa (Thunb.) Gürke subsp. crispa	Tree	LC	Roots	Stomach ailments	22.9
Ebenaceae	Diospyros galpinii (Hiern) De Winter	Shrub	LC	Roots	Body cleansing and laxative	2.9
Fabaceae	Vigna frutescens A Rich subsp frutescens var. frutescens	Herb	LC	Roots	Stomach ailments and diarrhoea	20.0
Fabaceae	Pterocarpus angolensis DC.	Tree	LC	Bark	Used to cause harm/death	22.9
Fabaceae	Erythrina lysistemon Hutch.	Tree	LC	Bark	Cancer, cough, malaria, tuberculosis and skin rash	5.7
Fabaceae	Peltophorum africanum Sond.	Tree	LC	Bark	Cleanse body, treat bad luck and HIV symptoms	20.0
Fabaceae	Mundulea sericea (Willd.) A. Chev.	Tree	LC	Bark	Tuberculosis and menstrual disorders	20.0
Fabaceae	Albizia adianthifolia (Shumach.) W. Wight	Tree	LC	Bark	Mental illnesses, sores and malaria	11.4
Fabaceae	Elephantorrhiza elephantina (Burch.) Skeels	Shrub	LC	Roots	Blood disorders, diarrhoea, HIV symptoms and purgative	17.1
Gentianaceae	Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. Axillare	Herb	LC	Whole plant	Diabetes	100.0
Geraniaceae	Pelargonium capitatum (L.) L'Hér.	Herb	LC	Roots	Menstrual pains and labour pains	17.1
Geraniaceae	Monsonia angustifolia Sond.	Herb	LC	Whole plant	Diabetes, hypertension, body cleansing, impotency and increase appetite	100.0
Hyacinthaceae	Drimia elata Jacq.	Herb	DDT	Bulb	Blood related ailments, periods pains and womb problem	100.0
Hyacinthaceae	Merwilla plumbea (Lindl.) Speta	Shrub	NT	Bulb	Body cleansing, skin rash in babies and promote vomiting of impure milk in babies	14.3
Hyacinthaceae	Urginea sanguinea Shinz	Herb	LC	Bulb	Hypertension, diabetes, blood clotting, body pains and STI	20.0
Hyacinthaceae	Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt	Herb	LC	Bulb	Body pains, hypertension and STI	100.0
Hyacinthaceae	Eucomis pallidiflora Baker subsp pole-evansii (N E Br) Reyneke ex J C Manning	Herb	NT	Bulb	Body pains, hypertension, malaria, STI and tuberculosis	17.1
Hypoxidaceae	Hypoxis obtusa Burch. ex Ker Gawl.	Herb	LC	Bulb	Blood disorders, diabetes, hypertension and infertility	34.3
Hypoxidaceae	Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch, C A Mey & Avé-Lall	Herb	LC	Tuber	Cancer, diabetes, energy booster, hypertension, tuberculosis, infertility and HIV	100.0
Icacinaceae	Pyrenacantha grandiflora Baill.	Shrub	LC	Roots	Eye disorders and body pains	20.0
Kirkiaceae	Kirkia wilmsii Engl	Tree	LC	Bulb	Arthritis, diabetes, hypertension and quench thirst	11.4
Liliaceae	Bowiea volubilis Harv. ex Hook.f.	Herb	VU	Bulb	Blood disorder, cancer and good luck	54.3
Malvaceae	Dombeya rotundifolia Hochst.	Tree	LC	Roots	Diarrhoea and stomach ailments	8.6
Malvaceae	Adansonia digitata L.	Tree	LC	Bark	Stamina, infertility, impotency and respiratory infections	14.3
Meliaceae	Ekebergia capensis Sparrm.	Tree	LC	Roots	Blood cancer and STI	11.4
Meliaceae	Trichilia emetica Vahl subsp. Emetic	Tree	LC	Roots	Body cleansing	5.7
Molluginaceae	Psammotropha marginata (Thunb.) Druce	Herb	DDT	Roots	Eyes disorders and body pains	17.1
Moraceae	Ficus ingens (Miq.) Miq.	Tree	LC	Bark	Sores and stomach disorders	14.3
Myrsinaceae	Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez	Tree	LC	Roots	Cancer, wounds and womb problem	8.6
Olacaceae	Ximenia caffra Sond var. caffra	Tree	LC	Roots	Stomach disorders	17.1
Oleaceae	Olea europaea L subsp. africana (Mill) P S Green	Tree	LC	Roots	Facilitate birth, cough and tuberculosis	8.6
Passifloraceae	Adenia spinosa Burtt Davy	Shrub	LC	Bulb	Bath a baby to promote weight gain	14.3
Polygalaceae	Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen.	Tree	LC	Roots	Cough, flu, improve men's fertility and impotency	57.1
Rhamnaceae	Ziziphus mucronata Willd. subsp. mucronata	Tree	LC	Roots	Cough, STI, sores, tuberculosis and wounds	14.3
Rosaceae	Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman	Tree	VU	Bark	Colds, cough, flu, HIV, stomach complaints and tuberculosis	11.4
Rutaceae	Zanthoxylum capense (Thunb.) Harv.	Tree	LC	Roots	Asthma, colds, cough, fix bad situations, flu, sores and tuberculosis	62.9
Rutaceae	Brackenridgea zanguebarica Oliv.	Tree	CR	Roots	Reverse bad luck, protect household and protection from evil spirits	57.1
Santalaceae	Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Steud.	Tree	LC	Roots	Attract a woman/man, cause harm/death to people, strengthen a household, reproductive problems and malaria	28.6
Thymelaeacea	Lasiosiphon caffer Meisn.	Herb	LC	Roots	Asthma, colds, cough and tuberculosis	14.3
Thymelaeaceae	Synaptolepis oliveriana Gilg	Shrub	NT	Roots	Good luck	14.3
Vitaceae	Rhoicissus tomentosa (Lam) Wild & R B Drummund	Herb	LC	Roots	Cancer, cough and tuberculosis	17.1
Zamiaceae	Encephalartos woodii Sander	Tree	EW	Bulb	Protection against harm	2.9
Zingiberaceae	Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L.Burtt	Herb	CR	Bulb	Asthma, colds, cough, body pains, flu, HIV symptoms and good luck	100.0