Table 2.
Rate ratios for racial and ethnic disparities in difficulty with activities of daily living as a function of individual factors and the home environment, Men (N=2059): U.S. National Health and Aging Trends Study (2012) a
| Model 1: Racial/ethnic differences in disability | Model 2: Physical impairment | Model 3: Socioeconomic and health factors | Model 4: Indoor home environment | Model 5: Impairment and race/ethnicity interactions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race/ethnicity b | |||||
| Black | 1.55 (1.22,2.39) | 1.03 (0.83,1.26) | 0.93 (0.76,1.13) | 0.91 (0.75,1.11) | 0.98 (0.67,1.44) |
| Hispanic | 1.59 (1.05,1.47) | 1.02 (0.72,1.46) | 0.78 (0.53,1.16) | 0.80 (0.56,1.15) | 0.56 (0.29,1.09) |
| Other | 0.93 (0.59,1.43) | 0.95 (0.58,1.57) | 0.74 (0.44,1.22) | 0.73 (0.44,1.20) | 0.98 (0.45,2.13) |
| Age c | |||||
| 75 to 84 | 1.51 (1.22,1.87) | 1.00 (0.83,1.20) | 0.98 (0.81,1.18) | 0.99 (0.82,1.19) | 0.99 (0.82,1.19) |
| 85+ | 2.82 (2.20,3.60) | 1.20 (0.97,1.49) | 1.29 (1.01,1.64) | 1.30 (1.03,1.66) | 1.30 (1.02,1.65) |
| Marital statusd | |||||
| Divorced | 0.81 (0.57,1.17) | 0.79 (0.56,1.12) | 0.80 (0.56,1.13) | ||
| Widowed | 0.75 (0.58,0.97) | 0.74 (0.57,0.96) | 0.72 (0.55,0.94) | ||
| Never married | 0.81 (0.50,1.31) | 0.79 (0.48,1.29) | 0.79 (0.48,1.28) | ||
| Physical impairment (SPPB) | 1.28 (1.25,1.31) | 1.24 (1.21,1.27) | 1.26 (1.22,1.30) | 1.24 (1.20,1.27) | |
| Education d | |||||
| < HS | 0.83 (0.67,1.02) | 0.84 (0.68,1.03) | 0.82 (0.67,1.01) | ||
| >= College | 1.01 (0.79,1.31) | 1.04 (0.80,1.34) | 1.01 (0.78,1.31) | ||
| Income (ln) | 0.78 (0.70,0.88) | 0.79 (0.71,0.89) | 0.79 (0.71,0.89) | ||
| Chronic disease | 1.28 (1.21,1.35) | 1.28 (1.21,1.36) | 1.27 (1.20,1.35) | ||
| Indoor disrepair present | 0.93 (0.74,1.15) | 0.91 (0.72,1.14) | |||
| Indoor clutter present | 1.68 (1.21,2.34) | 1.29 (1.06,1.57) | |||
| Physical impairment (PI) × indoor clutter | 0.95 (0.91,0.99) | ||||
| PI × race/ethnicity | |||||
| PI × Black | 0.99 (0.94,1.04) | ||||
| PI × Hispanic | 1.05 (0.97,1.14) | ||||
| PI × Other | 0.94 (0.86,1.03) | ||||
a
Rate ratios derived from exponentiating the coefficients from negative binomial regression models
b
Reference group = White
c
Reference group = Age 65–74
d
Reference group = Married/Living with partner
e
Reference group = Less than high school education