Table 3.

Rate ratios for racial and ethnic disparities in difficulty with activities of daily living as a function of individual factors and the home environment, Women (N=2,835). U.S. National Health and Aging Trends Study (2012) ^a

	Model 1: Racial/ethnic differences in disability	Model 2: Physical impairment	Model 3: Socioeconomic and health factors	Model 4: Indoor home environment	Model 5: Impairment and race/ethnicity interactions e
Race b
Black	1.89 (1.62,2.21)	1.24 (1.06,1.46)	1.16 (0.99,1.36)	1.15 (0.98,1.35)	1.64 (1.19,2.26)
Hispanic	2.11 (1.75,2.53)	1.36 (1.14,1.61)	1.27 (1.04,1.55)	1.28 (1.05,1.56)	1.58 (1.03,2.44)
Other	0.99 (0.68,1.44)	1.02 (0.65,1.61)	1.01 (0.63,1.63)	0.99 (0.63,1.58)	1.52 (0.78,2.94)
Age c
75 to 84	1.71 (1.44,2.03)	0.98 (0.82,1.17)	0.98 (0.81,1.17)	0.98 (0.82,1.18)	0.98 (0.82,1.18)
85+	3.04 (2.58,3.58)	1.05 (0.88,1.26)	1.15 (0.94,1.40)	1.17 (0.95,1.43)	1.15 (0.94,1.41)
Married d
Divorced			0.89 (0.73,1.08)	0.87 (0.71,1.05)	0.86 (0.71,1.05)
Widowed			0.85 (0.73,1.00)	0.84 (0.72,0.98)	0.84 (0.72,0.99)
Never married			0.86 (0.65,1.14)	0.85 (0.64,1.13)	0.86 (0.65,1.14)
Physical impairment (SPPB)		1.26 (1.23,1.28)	1.23 (1.20,1.26)	1.24 (1.21,1.27)	1.24 (1.21,1.27)
Education e
High School			0.93 (0.82,1.07)	0.93 (0.81,1.06)	0.92 (0.80,1.06)
>= College			1.30 (1.06,1.60)	1.31 (1.07,1.61)	1.31 (1.07,1.60)
Income (ln)			0.92 (0.86,0.99)	0.93 (0.87,0.99)	0.92 (0.87,0.98)
Chronic disease			1.29 (1.24,1.36)	1.29 (1.24,1.35)	1.29 (1.24,1.35)
Indoor disrepair present				0.92 (0.72,1.18)	0.92 (0.71,1.19)
Indoor clutter present				1.21 (1.05,1.40)	1.20 (1.04,1.39)
PI × race/ethnicity
PI × Black					0.95 (0.92,0.98)
PI × Hispanic					0.97 (0.92,1.02)
PI × Other					0.93 (0.85,1.02)

^aRate ratios derived from exponentiating the coefficients from negative binomial regression models

^bReference group = White

^cReference group = Age 65–74

^dReference group = Married/living with partner

^eReference group = Less than high school education