TABLE 3.

Associations of lean mass increasing alleles with metabolic phenotypes¹

			Effect in M1	M1/M3 ratio, %		Cross-phenotype										Summary (metabolism)
SNP	LM IA	Gene			Type of locus	Fat, %	BMI	CAD	DM	Insulin	HOMA-IR	Trig	Chol	LDL	HDL
rs9936385	C	FTO	Yes	234	Sumo Wrestler	++	++	+	++	++	++	++	0	0	– –	Adverse metabolic profile
rs10871777	G	MC4R	Yes	222	Sumo Wrestler	++	++	0	++	+	+	++	0	0	– –
rs733381	A	TNRC6B	Yes	125	Intermediate	0	++	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	–	No metabolic phenotype
rs9991501	C	HSD17B11	Yes	120	Intermediate	0	0	0	?	0	0	?	?	?	?
rs2287926	A	VCAN	Yes	64	Body Builder	0	0	0	?	–	0	– –	0	0	+	Metabolic protection
rs4842924	C	ADAMTSL3	Yes	67	Body Builder	– –	0	0	–	0	0	0	0	0	++
rs2943656	G	IRS1	No	NA	Indirect/Fat locus	– –	– –	++	++	+	+	++	0	0	– –	Adverse metabolic profile

¹The threshold for a statistically significant association with Bonferroni correction for 10 traits is P = 0.005 (0.05/10). For further details, see Supplemental Table 7. +, nominal significant increase; ++, multiple testing corrected significant increase; –, nominal significant decrease; – –, multiple testing corrected significant decrease; 0, no significant effect; ?, not included; CAD, coronary artery disease; Chol, cholesterol; DM, diabetes mellitus; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LM IA, lean mass increasing allele; M1, Model 1 not adjusted for fat; M3, Model 3 adjusted for fat mass (kg); M1/M3 ratio, a measure of the degree of attenuation of the LM association after fat mass adjustment; NA, not applicable because no effect in M1; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; Trig, triglycerides.