TABLE 5.
Genetic correlations of lean mass phenotype with other traits and conditions1
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trait | r g | P | r g | P | r g | P | |
| Obesity | BMI | 0.96 | 1.1 × 10−91 | 0.76 | 1.2 × 10−53 | 0.49 | 3.3 × 10−24 |
| Childhood obesity | 0.60 | 1.4 × 10−19 | 0.47 | 4.4 × 10−13 | 0.30 | 2.6 × 10−6 | |
| Extreme BMI | 0.98 | 4.8 × 10−40 | 0.76 | 4.1 × 10−26 | 0.51 | 9.4 × 10−13 | |
| Overweight | 0.93 | 2.1 × 10−70 | 0.72 | 1.3 × 10−43 | 0.46 | 1.1 × 10−16 | |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.48 | 4.1 × 10−20 | 0.29 | 3.3 × 10−9 | 0.15 | 4.0 × 10−3 | |
| Body fat | 0.45 | 3.7 × 10−13 | 0.17 | 1.2 × 10−2 | –0.16 | 1.4 × 10−2 | |
| Carbohydrate | Type 2 diabetes | 0.27 | 1.0 × 10−4 | 0.18 | 1.0 × 10−2 | 0.10 | 1.9 × 10−1 |
| Fasting glucose | 0.21 | 4.9 × 10−3 | 0.20 | 4.6 × 10−3 | 0.15 | 3.6 × 10−2 | |
| Fasting insulin | 0.48 | 2.2 × 10−9 | 0.28 | 2.0 × 10−4 | 0.20 | 1.1 × 10−2 | |
| Fasting proinsulin | 0.35 | 9.8 × 10−3 | 0.21 | 9.6 × 10−2 | 0.05 | 7.1 × 10−1 | |
| HbA1C | 0.19 | 4.3 × 10−2 | 0.15 | 1.0 × 10−1 | 0.08 | 3.5 × 10−1 | |
| HOMA-IR | 0.48 | 8.2 × 10−6 | 0.33 | 5.0 × 10−4 | 0.26 | 8.7 × 10−3 | |
| Lipid | Triglycerides | 0.15 | 6.5 × 10−3 | 0.12 | 2.3 × 10−2 | 0.08 | 1.8 × 10−1 |
| Total cholesterol | –0.14 | 1.8 × 10−2 | –0.17 | 3.0 × 10−3 | –0.20 | 6.0 × 10−4 | |
| HDL cholesterol | –0.40 | 7.5 × 10−11 | –0.35 | 4.6 × 10−9 | –0.28 | 2.2 × 10−6 | |
| LDL cholesterol | –0.05 | 4.4 × 10−1 | –0.10 | 1.1 × 10−1 | –0.16 | 1.9 × 10−2 | |
| Cardiovascular | CAD | 0.08 | 1.7 × 10−1 | 0.07 | 2.0 × 10−1 | 0.02 | 7.3 × 10−1 |
| Musculoskeletal | FN-BMD | 0.15 | 9.5 × 10−3 | 0.11 | 4.3 × 10−2 | 0.12 | 2.9 × 10−2 |
| LS-BMD | 0.14 | 2.4 × 10−2 | 0.15 | 1.8 × 10−2 | 0.17 | 8.9 × 10−3 | |
| Grip strength | 0.16 | 1.1 × 10−1 | 0.2704 | 4.4 × 10−3 | 0.2797 | 3.6 × 10−3 | |
| Reproductive | Age at menarche | –0.36 | 2.9 × 10−18 | –0.32 | 1.9E-15 | –0.24 | 1.9 × 10−8 |
| Age at menopause | –0.11 | 7.0 × 10−2 | –0.04 | 4.7 × 10−1 | 0.05 | 3.8 × 10−1 | |
1BMD, bone mineral density; CAD, coronary artery disease; FN, femoral neck; HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LS, lumbar spine; rg, genetic correlation. P < 0.05 is significant.