TABLE 1.
Sociodemographic and other characteristics by overweight/obesity and central adiposity among US adults aged 20–69 y, NHANES 20141
| Overweight/obesity | Central adiposity | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | All participants | Yes | No | P | Yes | No | P |
| All,2 % | 72.5± 2.8 | 27.5 ± 2.8 | 58.8 ± 3.1 | 41.2 ± 3.1 | |||
| Age, y | 43 ± 1.0 | 44 ± 1.0 | 41 ± 1.6 | 0.03 | 46 ± 1.0 | 40 ± 1.2 | <0.0001 |
| Male, % | 49.5 ± 2.2 | 51.6 ± 2.1 | 43.8 ± 4.8 | 0.15 | 42.1 ± 3.1 | 59.9 ± 4.0 | 0.004 |
| Race–Hispanic origin,3 % | 0.01 | 0.01 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 65.1 ± 5.7 | 63.9 ± 5.8 | 68.2 ± 7.0 | 65.9 ± 6.0 | 64.0 ± 5.9 | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 11.2 ± 3.2 | 12.0 ± 3.3 | 9.2 ± 3.0 | 11.7 ± 3.6 | 10.5 ± 2.8 | ||
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 4.9 ± 1.5 | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 10.1 ± 3.2 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 8.7 ± 2.5 | ||
| Hispanic | 15.8 ± 2.9 | 18.6 ± 3.2 | 8.6 ± 3.0 | 17.8 ± 3.5 | 13.1 ± 2.5 | ||
| Family poverty-income ratio,4 % | 0.32 | 0.17 | |||||
| ≤130% | 26.9 ± 3.1 | 27.9 ± 3.0 | 24.3 ± 4.3 | 29.0 ± 2.9 | 24.0 ± 4.1 | ||
| >130% | 73.1 ± 3.1 | 72.1 ± 3.0 | 75.7 ± 4.3 | 71.0 ± 2.9 | 76.0 ± 4.1 | ||
| Physical activity,5 % | 0.03 | 0.003 | |||||
| Active | 62.4 ± 3.2 | 59.6 ± 3.4 | 69.7 ± 4.7 | 57.3 ± 3.2 | 69.6 ± 4.4 | ||
| Intermediate | 15.8 ± 2.6 | 15.4 ± 2.0 | 16.8 ± 5.3 | 16.7 ± 1.9 | 14.6 ± 4.0 | ||
| Inactive | 21.8 ± 2.3 | 25.0 ± 2.5 | 13.5 ± 2.5 | 26.1 ± 2.7 | 15.8 ± 2.4 | ||
| Education, % | <0.001 | 0.004 | |||||
| ≤12 y or GED | 39.8 ± 3.2 | 44.8 ± 3.4 | 26.6 ± 2.7 | 45.0 ± 3.4 | 32.4 ± 3.4 | ||
| >12 y | 60.2 ± 3.2 | 55.2 ± 3.4 | 73.4 ± 2.7 | 55.0 ± 3.4 | 67.6 ± 3.4 | ||
| Smoking status, % | 0.50 | 0.13 | |||||
| Current smoker | 22.4 ± 1.7 | 21.8 ± 1.6 | 24.0 ± 3.8 | 22.6 ± 1.9 | 22.2 ± 2.8 | ||
| Former smoker | 19.8 ± 2.5 | 21.1 ± 2.7 | 16.5 ± 3.6 | 22.4 ± 3.3 | 16.1 ± 2.5 | ||
| Never smoked | 57.8 ± 2.7 | 57.1 ± 2.9 | 59.5 ± 5.3 | 55.1 ± 2.9 | 61.6 ± 3.5 | ||
| Heavy user of alcohol,6 % | 9.6 ± 1.5 | 8.4 ± 1.6 | 12.6 ± 3.5 | 0.31 | 8.7 ± 1.7 | 10.8 ± 2.8 | 0.55 |
| Twenty-four-hour sodium excretion, mg/d | 3567 ± 40.0 | 3727 ± 43.5 | 3145 ± 55.0 | <0.0001 | 3653 ± 58.1 | 3443 ± 35.3 | 0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30 ± 0.5 | 33 ± 0.4 | 22 ± 0.1 | <0.0001 | 34 ± 0.5 | 24 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 101 ± 1.2 | 108 ± 1.2 | 81.9 ± 0.6 | <0.0001 | 111 ± 1.1 | 86 ± 0.6 | <0.0001 |
| Energy intake, kcal/d | 2157 ± 33.4 | 2182 ± 38.0 | 2091 ± 62.0 | 0.22 | 2102 ± 38.9 | 2236 ± 61.2 | 0.08 |
| SSB intake,7 g/d | 418 ± 17.8 | 435 ± 18.2 | 369 ± 39.9 | 0.15 | 408 ± 23.3 | 434 ± 30.1 | 0.52 |
Values are weighted means ± SEs for continuous variables or weighted percentages ± SEs for categorical variables. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI (kg/m2) ≥25; central adiposity was defined as waist circumference >102 cm for men and >88 cm for women. For categorical variables, we used Rao-Scott F-adjusted chi-square test; t test was used to examine whether the mean of continuous variables varied by groups. All tests were 2-sided. GED, general equivalency diploma; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage.
Row percentages are presented in this line; column percentages are presented in all other lines. Unweighted sample sizes are provided in Supplemental Table 1.
Estimates from participants who reported other non–Hispanic races including non–Hispanic multiracial are not presented separately.
Family poverty-income ratio was defined as total family income divided by 2014 Department of Health and Human Services poverty guidelines multiplied by 100. Participants with missing income (n = 46) were not included.
Active: ≥150 min/wk at moderate intensity or ≥75 min/wk at vigorous intensity or ≥150 min/wk at moderate + vigorous intensity. Intermediate: 10–149 min/wk at moderate intensity or 5–74 min/wk at vigorous intensity or 10–149 min/wk at moderate + vigorous intensity.
Heavy user of alcohol was defined as self-reported consumption of ≥8 drinks/wk for women or ≥15 drinks/wk for men.
Analysis was conducted in a subsample of participants who consumed SSBs on either dietary recall day because 38.9% (n = 284) of participants did not report consuming any SSBs on the day of survey, which resulted in left-skewed distribution of SSBs.