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. 2019 Apr 7;110(5):1536–1543. doi: 10.1111/cas.14006

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© 2019 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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A, Representative immunohistochemistry images of expression of phosphorylated Y‐box binding protein‐1 (pYBX1) with an antibody recognizing pYBX1 Ser102 in breast cancer tissues. pYBX1 is preferentially localized in the nucleus of cancer cells in patients with progressive cancer. Left panel shows the negative control. B, Inhibitors of both PI3K/AKT (LY294002) and mTORC1 (everolimus) suppress nuclear localization of YBX1 in cancer cells. C, Hypothetical model of how YBX1 is activated through its phosphorylation at Ser102. YBX1 is phosphorylated and activated by PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 and/or MEK/ERK signaling pathways, promoting nuclear translocation