Table 2.
Expression of Spreds in various human cancer types
| Tissue | Type | Sample size | Country | Target (method) | Result | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liver | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 32 | Japan | Spred1, Spred2 (western blot, real‐time PCR, immunohistochemistry) |
Expression level of Spred1 and Spred2 is decreased compared to adjacent nontumoral lesion. Expression of Spred1 and Spred2 is inversely correlated with the incidence of tumor invasion and metastasis |
Yoshida et al54 |
| Liver | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 140 | USA | miR‐126, Spred1 (real‐time PCR) | mRNA level of Spred1 is inversely correlated with that of miR‐126. Expression level of Spred1 in patients with TACE + operation is lower than those with operation | Ji et al55 |
| Oral cavity | Squamous cell carcinoma | 10 | China | Spred1 (western blot, real‐time PCR) | Expression of Spred1 is downregulated in tumor tissues | Wang et al56 |
| Esophagus | Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma | 43 | India | Spred1 (real‐time PCR) | Spred1 is downregulated in 69% of esophageal cancer patients | Sharma et al57 |
| Prostate | Prostate cancer | 15 | UK | Spred1, Spred2 (real‐time PCR) | Spred2 is downregulated in tumors compared to benign glands, whereas Spred1 expression remains unchanged | Kachroo et al58 |
| Breast | Breast cancer | 46 | China | Spred1 (real‐time PCR) | Expression of Spred1 is negatively correlated to estrogen receptor status | Jiang et al59 |
| Bone marrow | Acute myeloid leukemia | 58 | France | Spred1 (real‐time PCR) | Expression of Spred1 is lower compared to normal bone marrow cells | Pasmant et al60 |
miR, microRNA; TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.