The biosynthetic pathways of stone cell (A) and fruit size (B) and the expression patterns of genes related to these pathways (C) are shown. Blue text in (A) indicates genes down-regulated in cultivated pears relative to wild accessions at the small fruit stage. PAL, Phe ammonia lyase; C4H, transcinnamate 4-monooxygenase; COMT, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase; F5H, ferulate-5-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase. Yellow text in (B) indicates genes up-regulated in cultivated pears at the small fruit stage or all developmental stages. ABP1, auxin binding protein 1; GH3, gretchen hagen 3; SAUR, small auxin up-regulated RNA. Top in (C) presents the RPKM values of the genes Pbr000691.1 (POD), Pbr041997.1 (CAD), Pbr023270.1 (SAUR), and Pbr009069.1 (SHY2/IAA3; black bar) and Pbr009070.1 (SHY2/IAA3; gray bar); bottom in (C) presents the relative expression levels of Pbr000691.1, Pbr041997.1, and Pbr009070.1. Data shown are the means ± sd from three replications. Wild, wild type.