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. 2019 Mar 13;180(1):26–38. doi: 10.1104/pp.18.01224

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

CRISPR-Cas platforms for engineering viral resistance in plants. Plant viruses complete their life cycles in the host cells. Viral particles with geminate capsids, and rod-shaped capsids are used as examples to illustrate DNA viruses and RNA viruses, respectively. One of the Cas nuclease genes (SpCas9, FnCas9, or LshCas13a) and the matching guide RNA(s) are expressed transgenically to generate sequence-specific ribonucleoproteins that target viral DNA or RNA substrates for degradation. SpCas9 targets nuclear dsDNA, while FnCas9 and LshCas13a have been used to target single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) substrates in the cytoplasm. For simplicity, only one generic Cas nuclease is drawn. ssDNA, single-stranded DNA.