Table 2.
RCT clinical trials of probiotics and FMT treatment in IBD.
| Researcher/country | Year | Single/multiple-center study | Strains of probiotics/delivery way of FMT | No. of enrolled patients | Diseases | Period of observation | Efficacy | Safety |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmed/UK [103] | 2013 | Single | Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LBY-27, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, and Streptococcus thermophilus STY-31 | 20 | CD and UC | 2 months | No | Not mentioned |
| Krag/Denmark [99] | 2013 | Single | Lactobacillus plantarum 299v | 74 | UC | 2 years | Yes | Yes |
| Bourreille/France [104] | 2013 | Single | Saccharomyces boulardii | 165 | CD | 52 weeks | No | Yes |
| Petersen/Denmark [105] | 2014 | Single | Escherichia coli Nissle | 100 | UC | 7 weeks | No | Not mentioned |
| Fedorak/Canada [100] | 2015 | Multiple | 4 strains of Lactobacillus, 3 strains of Bifidobacterium, and 1 strain of Streptococcus salivarius subspecies thermophilus | 119 | CD | 1 year | Yes | Yes |
| Yoshimatsu/Japan [101] | 2015 | Single | Streptococcus faecalis T-110, Clostridium butyricum TO-A, and Bacillus mesentericus TO-A | 46 | UC | 1 year | Yes | Yes |
| Tamaki/Japan [102] | 2016 | Single | Bifidobacterium longum 536 | 56 | UC | 8 weeks | Yes | Yes |
| Jacob/USA [122] | 2017 | Single | Colonoscopy | 20 | UC | 4 weeks | Yes | Yes |
| Meighani/USA [126] | 2017 | Single | Colonoscopy | 201 | CD and UC | 2 years | Yes | Not mentioned |
| Karolewska-Bochenek/Poland [124] | 2017 | Single | Nasoduodenal tube or gastroscopy | 10 | CD and UC | 2 weeks | Yes | Yes |
| Goyal/USA [123] | 2018 | Single | Upper and lower endoscopy | 21 | CD, UC, and IC | 6 months | Yes | Yes |
| Mintz/USA [128] | 2018 | Single | Colonoscopy | 26 | UC | 3 months | Yes | Not mentioned |