Table 1.
Potential biomarkers in mouse serum and their variations among groups.
| No. | Metabolite | Chemical shift (ppm)a | Assignment | Control vs. normalb | SHXXD vs. controlb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | LDL/VLDL | 0.87 (br), 1.27 (br) | –CH3, –CH2 | ↑∗ | — |
| 2 | Lactate | 1.32 (d), 4.11 (q) | β–CH3, α–CH | ↑∗∗ | ↓∗∗ |
| 3 | Alanine | 1.47 (d) | β–CH3 | ↑∗∗ | ↓∗∗ |
| 4 | Lipids | 1.57 (br) | –CH2–CH2–C=O | ↑∗∗∗ | ↓∗∗ |
| 5 | N-acetyl glycoproteins | 2.04 (s) | –CH3 | ↑∗∗∗ | ↓∗∗∗ |
| 6 | Glycerol | 3.56 (m), 3.69 (m) | –CH2, –CH2 | ↑∗∗∗ | ↓∗∗∗ |
| 7 | Choline | 3.20 (s) | –N–(CH3)3 | ↑∗ | ↓∗ |
| 8 | Phosphorylcholine | 3.22 (s) | –N–(CH3)3 | ↑∗ | — |
| 9 | Acetoacetate | 2.23 (s) | –CH3 | ↓∗∗ | ↑∗ |
| 10 | Valine | 0.98 (d), 1.03 (d) | γ–CH3, γ–CH3 | ↓∗ | ↑∗ |
as: singlet; d: doublet; q: quartet; m: multiplet; br: broad resonance. bMetabolites with “↑/↓” means increased/decreased; “—” means no significant differences. ∗, ∗∗, and ∗∗∗ indicate p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.