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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 6.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Nano. 2018 Oct 4;12(10):10272–10280. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05373

Figure 1. Overview of state-of-the-art approaches and the current design of LbL film lift-off from microneedles.

Figure 1.

(A) Schematic view of the microneedle skin patches where drug-releasing surface is generated. (B) Two state-of-the-art approaches utilizing (i) chemically functionalizing surface with pyridine moiety (ii) coating of a layer of polymer with carboxylic acid functional groups to support and release the LbL film on top depending on the environmental pH, and (iii) the current design of LbL film lift-off mechanism based on charge-invertible polymers.