Figure 1.

Representative light microscopy sections of lung tissues of mice, at the end of the one-month exposure period to either air (control) or waterpipe smoke (WPS) with or without gum Arabic (GA) administration (15% w/v in drinking water). (a) The air-exposed group shows normal lung tissue with unremarkable bronchial and alveolar spaces. (b) The GA + air group displays normal lung tissue with unremarkable bronchial and alveolar spaces. (c) The WPS group shows influx of inflammatory cells in the peribronchial and interstitial spaces consisting predominantly of neutrophil polymorphs (arrow). (d) The GA + WPS group displays unremarkable distal airway spaces with mild inflammatory cells in the peribronchial and interstitial spaces consisting predominantly of neutrophil polymorphs (arrow).