Table 3.

HU Counseling Barriers and Association with HU Adherence (N = 43).

	HU Counseling (N = 43)	Nonadherent (n = 12)	Adherent (n = 31)
Lack of familiarity with recommendation	3 (7%)	0	3
Lack of agreement with recommendation*	5 (12%)	4	1
Lack of self-efficacy
To recognize which patients may benefit from HU	13 (30%)	6	7
To prescribe appropriate dose and schedule of HU	12 (28%)	6	6
To recognize side effects of HU	12 (28%)	6	6
To discuss risk of possible HU side effects with patients/parents	16 (37%)	7	9
To at least one of the above (eg, recognize which patients may benefit, prescribe HU, recognize side effects, or discuss HU risk)	21 (49%)	8	13
Lack of outcome expectancy	19 (44%)	7	12
Presence of external barriers
Lack of equipment or space	3 (7%)	2	1
Lack of time	6 (14%)	2	4
Lack of educational materials	6 (14%)	3	3
Lack of support staff*	7 (16%)	5	2
Lack of reimbursement	5 (12%)	3	2
Other issues	1 (2%)	0	1
Lack of one or more of the above*	13 (30%)	7	6

Abbreviation: HU, hydroxyurea.

^*P < .05 based on Fisher’s exact test.