Table 1.

Definitions of ischemic penumbra in use.

Year	Authors	The definition
1981	Astrup et al.5	Zones of non-functioning, but viable, tissue that may recover electrophysiological function
1993	Hossmann11	Regions where protein synthesis is depressed and ATP levels remain normal
2000	Heiss et al.7	Regions within the thresholds for maintenance of function
2006/2018	Albers et al.8,9	Regions of diffusion/perfusion mismatch as interpreted from functional images
2000	Sharp et al.12	Regions consisting of selected molecule susceptibilities
2011	del Zoppo et al.10	Ischemic cores and penumbral regions that heterogeneously develop (are not homogeneous), e.g. “mini-penumbras”