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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 6.
Published in final edited form as: Langmuir. 2018 Dec 27;35(5):1544–1551. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02540

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Non-specific protein adsorption against (a) human plasma fibrinogen (Fg), (b) human serum albumin (HSA), (c) human blood γ-globulin, and (d) human blood serum on 96-well plate with three kinds of surfaces: uncoated polystyrene surface, PCB1–37 coated polystyrene surface, and commercial plate with an ultra-low attachment surface (Corning Costar Corp., Corning, NY, USA). The corning ultra-low surface coating is a hydrophilic, neutrally charged coating covalently bound to the polystyrene surface. Both 10 % and 100 % of single blood proteins and human blood serums were used to evaluate their nonfouling capability. The uncoated surface and the commercial product with an ultra-low attachment surface were utilized as controls. Concentration of 100 % of Fg, HSA, and γ-globulin in blood are 3.0, 45, and 16 mg/mL, respectively. Normal human blood serum (pooled mixed gender) was used as received and without dilution. Single asterisk (*) indicates statistically significant difference (p < 0.01, n = 5) compared to either uncoated surface or commercialized ultra-low attachment surface; double asterisk (**) indicates statistically significant difference (p < 0.01, n = 5) compared to uncoated surface.