TABLE IV.
Medical Features in Triple X Syndrome
| Medical feature | Prior reportsd (%) | Total number (%) | Prenatal diagnosis (%) | Postnatal diagnosis (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ophthalmologic disorders | |||||
| Congenital cataracts | – | 2/74 (2.7) | 0/44 (0) | 2/30 (6.7) | |
| Strabismus | – | 11/74 (14.9) | 6/44 (13.6) | 5/30 (16.7) | 0.749 |
| ENT disorders | |||||
| Recurrent otitis media | – | 15/72 (21.1) | 12/44 (27.3) | 3/28 (10.7) | 0.137 |
| Cleft palate/velopharyngeal insufficiency | – | 3/73 (4.1) | 2/43 (4.7) | 1/30 (3.3) | |
| Dental disordersa | – | 32/72 (44.4) | 19/42 (45.2) | 13/30 (43.3) | 1.000 |
| Respiratory disorders | |||||
| Asthma | – | 16/71 (22.5) | 9/43 (20.9) | 7/28 (25.0) | 0.774 |
| Hospitalization for respiratory infection or asthma | – | 12/74 (16.2) | 3/44 (6.8) | 9/30 (30.0) | 0.011* |
| Cardiac disorders | |||||
| Congenital heart defectsb | – | 6/74 (8.1) | 4/44 (9.1) | 3/30 (10.0) | 1.000 |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | |||||
| Gastroesophageal reflux | – | 6/74 (8.1) | 2/44 (4.5) | 4/30 (13.3) | 0.215 |
| Constipation | – | 34/74 (45.9) | 15/44 (34.1) | 19/30 (63.3) | 0.018* |
| Functional abdominal pain | 12–45% | 14/74 (18.9) | 9/44 (20.5) | 5/30 (16.7) | 0.769 |
| Genitourinary disorders | |||||
| Genitourinary abnormalitiesc | 5–16% | 9/74 (12.2) | 7/44 (15.9) | 2/30 (6.7) | 0.296 |
| Musculoskeletal disorders | |||||
| Congenital hip dysplasia | 2–12% | 2/74 (2.7) | 2/44 (4.5) | 0/30 (0) | |
| Clubfoot | – | 2/74 (2.7) | 2/44 (4.5) | 0/30 (0) | |
| Neurologic disorders | |||||
| Seizure disorder | 11–15% | 12/74 (16.2) | 1/44 (2.3) | 11/30 (36.7) | <0.001*,** |
| Headaches | – | 13/73 (17.8) | 4/43 (9.3) | 9/30 (30.0) | 0.031* |
| Tremor | 6–20% | 12/74 (16.2) | 5/44 (11.4) | 7/30 (23.3) | 0.208 |
| Other | |||||
| Environmental or food allergies | – | 21/74 (28.4) | 12/44 (27.3) | 9/30 (30.0) | 0.799 |
a
Dental disorders included: poor dentition classified as four or more caries/fillings, significant malocclusion, current, or previous orthodontia.
b
Congenital heart defects included: atrial septal defect (n = 3) and ventricular septal defect (n = 5).
c
Genitourinary abnormalities included: cystic dysplastic kidneys (n = 4), unilateral kidney (n = 1), ureter malformation (n = 1), bilateral hydronephrosis (n = 3).
*
P = 0.05 or less.
**
Result remained statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons.