TABLE VI.
Neurodevelopmental Diagnoses and Cognitive Testinga
| Diagnosis | Total number (%) | Prenatal diagnosis (%) | Postnatal diagnosis (%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any developmental Delay | 57/72 (79.2) | 29/42 (69.0) | 28/30 (93.3) | 0.010* | |
| Speech delay | 52/72 (72.2) | 29/42 (69.0) | 23/30 (76.7) | 0.438 | |
| Motor delay | 36/72 (50.0) | 16/42 (38.1) | 20/30 (66.7) | 0.017* | |
| Learning disability | 17/45 (37.8) | 9/23 (39.1) | 8/22 (36.3) | 1.000 | |
| Intellectual disability | 6/45 (13.3) | 1/23 (4.3) | 5/22 (22.7) | 0.096 | |
| Current language disorders | 14/45 (31.1) | 6/23 (26.1) | 8/22 (36.4) | 0.530 | |
| Current or previous special education supports | 29/45 (64.4) | 12/23 (52.2) | 17/22 (77.3) | 0.120 | |
| ADHD | 22/45 (48.9) | 12/23 (52.2) | 10/22 (45.5) | 0.768 | |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 8/74 (10.8) | 2/44 (4.5) | 6/30 (20.0) | 0.055 | |
| Sensory integration disorder | 10/74 (13.5) | 4/44 (9.1) | 6/30 (20.0) | 0.299 | |
| Any psychiatric mood disorderb | 17/45 (37.8) | 8/23 (34.8) | 9/22 (40.9) | 0.763 | |
| Anxiety disorderc | 9/45 (19.5) | 3/23 (13.0) | 6/22 (27.3) | 0.284 | |
| Depression/dysthymic | 8/45 (17.8) | 4/23 (17.4) | 4/22 (18.2) | 1.000 | |
| Bipolar or psychotic | 6/45 (13.3) | 4/23 (17.4) | 2/22 (9.1) | 0.665 | |
| Cognitive and adaptive testing | Total mean (SD), n | Prenatal diagnosis mean (SD) | Postnatal diagnosis mean (SD) | P | |
| Early development | |||||
| Cognitive | 99.9 (14.1), n = 27 | 99.7 (15.6), n = 20 | 100.3 (9.6), n = 7 | 0.927 | |
| Expressive language | 93.2 (14.5), n = 19 | 92.5 (15.1), n = 17 | 99.5 (7.8), n = 2 | 0.532 | |
| Receptive language | 104.5 (15.9), n = 19 | 105.4 (16.6), n = 17 | 97.0 (2.8), n = 2 | 0.497 | |
| Gross motor | 86.3 (12.9), n = 17 | 87.4 (11.6), n = 14 | 81.0 (20.1), n = 3 | 0.451 | |
| Fine motor | 95.4 (14.4), n = 25 | 98.2 (11.9), n = 20 | 84.4 (19.3), n = 5 | 0.054 | |
| School aged or adult | |||||
| Verbal IQ (VIQ) | 86.0 (13.1), n = 37 | 93.3 (11.3), n = 18 | 79.1 (10.8), n = 19 | <0.001*,** | |
| Performance IQ (PIQ) | 90.6 (15.7) | 95.1 (14.9) | 86.4 (15.5) | 0.090 | |
| General abilities index | 87.7 (14.4) | 94.4 (12.5) | 81.3 (13.4) | 0.004*,** | |
| Working memory | 87.4 (16.2), n = 20 | 96.8 (12.2), n = 10 | 77.9 (14.5), n = 10 | 0.005* | |
| Processing speed | 86.5 (11.9) | 89.3 (10.4) | 83.6 (13.2) | 0.297 | |
| Adaptive | |||||
| Adaptive composite | 84.8 (20.0), n = 46 | 95.3 (15.6), n = 26 | 71.2 (16.8), n = 20 | <0.001*,** | |
a
Intellectual disability, learning disability, ADHD, and psychiatric mood disorders included children 5 years or older at time of evaluation.
b
Several participants had more than one psychiatric disorder.
c
Anxiety disorder includes generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety, or obsessive compulsive disorder with anxiety.
*
P = 0.05 or less.
**
Remained statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons (P < 0.0045).