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. 2019 Apr 29;10:435. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00435

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Copyright © 2019 Furini, Giuliani, Parlati, Govoni, Di Virgilio and Bortoluzzi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Representation of IL-6 levels in macrophages supernatants from patients with serositis (SLE-S), without serositis (SLE-NS) and healthy controls (HC). (A) IL-6 released from unstimulated macrophages maintained for 5 h in 10% FBS supplemented RPMI was significantly higher in SLE patients vs. HC (SLE-NS vs. HC: 329.0 ± 83.74 vs. 11.83 ± 0.51, p = 0.0102; SLE-S vs. HC = 29.18 ± 4.85 vs. 11.83 ± 0.51, p = 0.0021) and in patients without serositis vs. patients with serositis (SLE-S vs. SLE-NS, p = 0.014). (B) IL-6 released from macrophages stimulated for 4 h with 1 μg/ml LPS in 10% FBS-supplemented RPMI was significantly higher in SLE patients vs. HC (SLE-NS vs. HC: 1172 ± 74.25 vs. 339.9 ± 41.37, p < 0.0001; SLE-S vs. HC = 728.8 ± 101.2 vs. 339.9 ± 41.37, p = 0.002) and in patients without serositis vs. patients with serositis (SLE-S vs. SLE-NS, p = 0.001). (C) IL-6 levels from macrophages stimulated for 4 h with 1 μg/ml LPS, and for 1 h with 300 μM BzATP in 10% FBS-supplemented RPMI were significantly higher in SLE patients vs. HC (SLE-NS vs. HC: 1159 ± 83.87 vs. 330.7 ± 43.46, p < 0.0001; SLE-S vs. HC = 719.7 ± 112.6 vs. 330.7 ± 43.46, p = 0.004) and in patients without serositis vs. patients with serositis (SLE-S vs. SLE-NS, p = 0.003). (D) IL-6 released from macrophages stimulated for 1 h with 300 μM BzATP in 10% FBS-supplemented RPMI was significantly higher in SLE patients vs. HC (SLE-NS vs. HC: 328 ± 92.1 vs. 13.38 ± 0.76, p = 0.019; SLE-S vs. HC = 43.95 ± 9.49 vs. 13.38 ± 0.76, p = 0.005) and in patients without serositis vs. patients with serositis (SLE-S vs. SLE-NS, p = 0.028). Data are means ± SE. Only significant differences are shown. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗∗p < 0.001.