Table 2.
Means, standard deviations, and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) by gender with Cronbach’s α.
| Scales | Mean (SD) | Cronbach α | Males | Females | t/d | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POGQ-SF total score | 21.45 (8.74) | 0.90 | 23.22 (9.07) | 18.44 (7.22) | 11.774*** | 0.58 |
| CERQ Self-blame | 5.33 (2.02) | 0.67 | 5.15 (1.98) | 5.62 (2.05) | 4.328*** | 0.23 |
| CERQ Acceptance | 6.28 (2.05) | 0.71 | 6.22 (2.11) | 6.37 (1.95) | 1.341 | 0.07 |
| CERQ Rumination | 5.99 (2.14) | 0.78 | 5.67 (2.12) | 6.50 (2.09) | 7.340*** | 0.39 |
| CERQ Positive refocusing | 4.94 (2.12) | 0.72 | 4.90 (2.13) | 5.01 (2.10) | 0.942 | 0.05 |
| CERQ Planning | 6.06 (2.05) | 0.67 | 5.93 (2.08) | 6.27 (1.99) | 3.029** | 0.17 |
| CERQ Positive reappraisal | 6.21 (2.06) | 0.61 | 6.12 (2.08) | 6.35 (2.01) | 2.153* | 0.11 |
| CERQ Putting into perspective | 5.59 (2.02) | 0.64 | 5.50 (2.03) | 5.74 (2.00) | 2.239* | 0.12 |
| CERQ Catastrophizing | 4.57 (2.12) | 0.77 | 4.42 (2.07) | 4.81 (2.18) | 3.396*** | 0.18 |
| CERQ Other blame | 4.00 (1.82) | 0.67 | 4.15 (1.86) | 3.78 (1.73) | 3.748*** | 0.20 |
POGQ-SF, Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire Short Form; CERQ, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; SD, standard deviation; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.